چارچوب نظریه ها و مدل های ارتقا و سنجش حس بهزیستی گردشگر: مرور نظاممند

نوع مقاله : علمی-پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترا گروه مدیریت گردشگری، دانشکدۀ گردشگری، دانشگاه علم و فرهنگ، تهران، ایران.

2 دانشیار، گروه مدیریت گردشگری، دانشکدۀ گردشگری، دانشگاه علم و فرهنگ، تهران، ایران.

3 استادیار، گروه مدیریت گردشگری، دانشکدۀ گردشگری، دانشگاه علم و فرهنگ، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

زمینه و هدف: در چند دهۀ اخیر مطالعات گردشگری بر بهزیستی متمرکز شده و بررسی بهزیستی گردشگران را به منظور توسعۀ گردشگری و ایجاد لذت و معنا اولویت قرار داده است. بنابراین، به منظور شناخت بیشتر بهزیستی در گردشگری و ارتقاء بهزیستی گردشگر، هدف پژوهش حاضر شناسایی نظریه ­ها و مدل­ های سنجش و ارتقاء حس بهزیستی در بستر گردشگری و همچنین شناسایی ابعاد و مؤلفه ­های آن­ها است.
روش­ شناسی: این پژوهش از انواع پژوهش ­های توصیفی- تحلیلی و یک مطالعۀ کیفی و کاربردی است. بر مبنای هدف پژوهش، با بهره­ گیری از مدل پریسما، 83 مقالۀ منتشرشده در حوزۀ گردشگری و بهزیستی در پایگاه ­های دادۀ اسکوپوس برای مرور نظام ­مند انتخاب شد. به منظور بررسی تئوری­ های بهزیستی دخیل در گردشگری، از تکنیک تحلیل محتوای کیفی استفاده گردید. سپس داده ­ها با استفاده از نرم­ افزارMAXQDA تحلیل شدند.
یافته ­ها: مهم­ترین نظریه ­ها و مدل­ ها شامل نظریه ­های انسان­ گرایانه، بهزیستی روان­شناختی، نظریۀ خودتعیین ­گری، بهزیستی اجتماعی، مدل شکوفایی، شادی اصیل، مدل پرما، درامما، درآما، مدل یکپارچۀ گردشگری بهزیستی، تجربۀ تحول­ آفرین، نظریۀ خودابرازگری، تناسب خود، گسترش و ساخت، سطح تفسیر و نظریۀ سرریز است.
نتیجه­ گیری و پیشنهادات: یافته ­های این پژوهش منجر به شناسایی مهم­ترین مدل­ ها و نظریه­ های سنجش بهزیستی گردشگر گردید که از این میان، مدل پرم، خودتعیین ­گری، تناسب خود و نظریۀ خودابرازگری بیشتر توسط محققان استفاده شده و مدل درآما جدیدترین مدلی است که در سال 2022 مطرح شده و به دلیل جامعیت آن، یکی از مهم­ترین موضوعات و مدل ­های ارتقاء بهزیستی در گردشگری خواهد بود که نیازمند بررسی بیشتر است.
نوآوری و اصالت: توجه به موضوع بهزیستی در بستر گردشگری و شناسایی تئوری­ها و مدل ­های سنجش بهزیستی گردشگر، به­ عنوان نوآوری و اصالت پژوهش حاضر قلمداد می ­شود؛ چراکه به نظر می­ رسد این موضوع، برای اولین مرتبه در منابع داخلی مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. همچنین براساس بررسی ­های صورت گرفته، منابع خارجی نیز به ­طور مستقیم به این موضوع نپرداخته­ اند. یافته ­های حاصل از این پژوهش می ­تواند برای سامان­دهی اثربخش سنجش و ارتقاء حس بهزیستی گردشگر برای تحقیقات آینده حائز اهمیت باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

مراجع

Alexandrova, A. (2012). Well-being as an object of science. Philosophy of Science, 79(5), 678–689. https://doi.org/10.1086/667870
Alipour, H.; Rezapouraghdam, H.; Esmaeili, B. (2020). Public health and tourism; a personalist approach to community well-being: A narrative review. Iran. J. Public Health, 49, 447–453.
Alizadeh, A., Higham, J., Filep, S., Moyle, B., & Vada, S. (2024). Responsible behaviour and psychological well-being in tourism: the triple helix model. Journal of responsible tourism management, 4(1), 1-21. http://dx.doi.org/10.47263%2FJRTM.04-01-01
Berno, T., & Ward, C. (2005). Innocence abroad: A pocket guide to psychological research on tourism. American Psychologist, 60(6), 593. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0003-066X.60.6.593
Bosangit, C., Hibbert, S., & McCabe, S. (2015). If I was going to die I should at least be having fun: Travel blogs, meaning and tourist experience. Annals of Tourism Research, 55, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2015.08.001
Bosnjak, M., C. A. Brown, D. J. Lee, G. B. Yu, and M. J. Sirgy. (2016). Self-Expressiveness in Sport Tourism. Journal of Travel Research 55 (1): 125–34. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287514535845
Brooks, C., Waterton, E., Saul, H., & Renzaho, A. (2023). Exploring the relationships between heritage tourism, sustainable community development and host communities’ health and wellbeing: A systematic review. PloS one, 18(3), e0282319. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0282319
Brunner-Sperdin A, Peters M and Strobl A . (2012). It is all about the emotional state: managing tourists’ experiences. International Journal of Hospitality Management 31(1): 23–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2011.03.004
Bueddefeld, J., & Duerden, M. D. (2022). The transformative tourism learning model. Annals of Tourism Research, 94, Article 103405. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2022.103405
Buzinde, C. (2020). Theoretical linkages between well-being and tourism: The case of self-determination theory and spiritual tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 83, Article 102920. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2020.102920
Câmara, E., Pocinho, M., Agapito, D., & Jesus, S. N. D. (2022). Positive psychology, well-being, and mindfulness: A successful partnership towards the development of meaningful tourist experiences. Journal of Tourism, Sustainability and Well-being, 10(1), 21-38. https://doi.org/10.34623/m7xe-a661
Câmara, E., Pocinho, M., de Jesus, S. N., & Agapito, D. (2024). Senior Tourists’ Well-being, Happiness, and Satisfaction with Life: A Systematic Literature Review. Journal of Tourism, Sustainability and Well-being, 12(2), 87-110. https://doi.org/10.34623/jc4r-9a80
Carlisle, S., Henderson, G., & Hanlon, P. W. (2009). ‘Wellbeing’: A collateral casualty of modernity? Social Science & Medicine, 69, 1556–1560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.08.029
Chang, K. C. (2014). Examining the effect of tour guide performance, tourist trust, tourist satisfaction and flow experience. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 19(2), 219–247. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2012.739189
Chang, L., Moyle, B. D., Dupre, K., Filep, S., & Vada, S. (2022). Progress in research on seniors' well-being in tourism: A systematic review. Tourism management perspectives, 44, 101040. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2022.101040
Cheer, J. M. (2020). Human flourishing, tourism transformation and COVID-19: a conceptual touchstone. Tourism Geographies, 22(3), 514–524. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2020.1765016
Chen, Y., Lin, Z., Filieri, R., & Liu, R. (2021). Subjective well-being, mobile social media and the enjoyment of tourism experience: a broaden-and-build perspective. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 26(10), 1070-1080. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2021.1952285
Chirakranont, R., & Sakdiyakorn, M. (2022). Conceptualizing meaningful tourism experiences: Case study of a small craft beer brewery in Thailand. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 23, 100691. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2022.100691
Chon, K.  (1992). Self-Image/destination-image congruity. Annals of Tourism Research, 19. 360-363.
Chon, K., & Olsen, M. D. (1991). Functional and symbolic congruity approaches to consumer satisfaction/dissatisfaction in tourism. Journal of the International Academy of Hospitality Research, 3.
Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1997). Finding flow: The psychology of engagement with everyday life. Basic Book.
Csikszentmihalyi, M., (1975a). Beyond boredom and anxiety. London: Jossey-Bass.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2012). Self-determination theory. In P. A. M. Van Lange.https://www.torrossa.com/en/resources/an/4912667#page=438
Demeter, C., MacInnes, S., & Dolnicar, S. (2023). Defining and operationalizing eight forms of eudaimonia and hedonia and assessing tourism-specific context-dependency. Journal of Travel Research, 62(7), 1448-1459. DOI: 10.1177/00472875221133042
Diener, E., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2004). Beyond Money: Toward an Economy of Well-Being. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 5(1), 1-31. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0963-7214.2004.00501001.x
Dillette, A. K., Douglas, A. C., & Andrzejewski, C. (2019). Yoga tourism - a catalyst for transformation? Annals of Leisure Research, 22(1), 22–41.https://doi.org/10.1080/11745398.2018.1459195
Dillette, A., Douglas, A., & Martin, D. (2018). Do vacations really make us happier? Exploring the relationships between wellness tourism, happiness and quality of life. Journal of Tourism & Hospitality, 7(3). https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0269.1000355
Dolnicar, S., Yanamandram, V., Cliff, K., 2012. The contribution of vacations to quality of life. Annals of Tourism Research 39 (1), 59–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2011.04.015
Emich, K. J., Kumar, S., Lu, L., Norder, K., & Pandey, N. (2020). Mapping 50 Years of Small Group Research Through Small Group Research. Small Group Research, 51(6), 659-699. https://doi.org/10.1177/1046496420934541
Ewert, A., R. Zwart, and C. Davidson.  (2020). Underlying Motives for Selected Adventure Recreation Activities: The Case for Eudaimonics and Hedonics. Behavioral Sciences 10 (12): 185. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs10120185
Filep, S. (2014). Moving beyond subjective well-being. A tourism critique, 38(2), 266–274. https://doi.org/10.1177/1096348012436609.
Filep, S., & Deery, M. (2010). Towards a Picture of Tourists' Happiness. Tourism Analysis, 15(4), 399-410. https://doi.org/10.3727/108354210X12864727453061
Filep, S., & Laing, J. (2019). Trends and directions in tourism and positive psychology. Journal of Travel Research, 58(3), 343-354. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287518759227
Filep, S., Moyle, B. D., & Skavronskaya, L. (2024). Tourist wellbeing: Re-thinking hedonic and eudaimonic dimensions. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 48(1), 184-193.https://doi.org/10.1177/10963480221087964
Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positivepsychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positiveemotions. American Psychologist, 56(3), 218. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.56.3.218
Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. American Psychologist, 56(3), 218–226. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0003-066X.56.3.218
Gagné, M., & Deci, E. L. (2005). Self-determination theory and work motivation. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26(4),331-362. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.322
Garcês, S., Pocinho, M., Jesus, S. N., & Rieber, M. S. (2018). Positive psychology & tourism: A systematic literature review. Tourism & Management Studies, 14(3), 41-51. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2970-9078
Garcês, S., Pocinho, M., Jesus, S. N., & Rieber, M. S.  (2018). Positive psychology & tourism: A systematic literature review. Tourism & Management Studies, 14(3), 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18089/tms.2018.14304
Goh, H. K., & Litvin, S. W. (2000). Destination preference and self-congruity. Proceedings of Travel and Tourism Research Association Annual Conference, San Fernando Valley, CA, 197–203.
Goodman, F. R., Disabato, D. J., Kashdan, T. B., & Kauffman, S. B. (2017). Measuring well-being: A comparison of subjective well-being and PERMA. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 13(4), 321–332. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2017.1388434
Gretzel, U., & Stankov, U. (2021). ICTs and well-being: challenges and opportunities for tourism. Information Technology & Tourism, 23, 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40558-021-00198-2
Haybron, D. M. (2008). Philosophy and the science of subjective well-being. The science of subjective well-being, 17-43.
He, X.; Su, L.; Swanson, S.R. (2020). The service quality to subjective well-being of Chinese tourists connection: A model with replications. Curr. Issues Tour. 23, 2076–2092. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2020.1755240
Henderson, L., & Knight, T. (2012). Integrating the hedonic and eudaimonic perspectives to more comprehensively understand wellbeing and pathways to wellbeing. https://doi.org/10.5502/ijw.v2i3.3
Hidalgo, M. C., & Hernandez, B. (2001). Place attachment: Conceptual and empirical questions. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 21(3), 273-281. doi: 10.1006/jevp.2001.0221
Horvath, P. (2018). The relationship of psychological construals with well-being. New ideas in psychology, 51, 15-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.newideapsych.2018.04.008
Hsu, C. L., & Lu, H. P. (2004). Why do people play on-line games? An extended TAM with social influences and flow experience. Information & management, 41(7), 853-868. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2003.08.014
Huang, K., Pearce, P. L., Wu, M. Y., & Wang, X. Z. (2019). Tourists and Buddhist heritage sites: An integrative analysis of visitors’ experience and happiness through positive psychology constructs. Tourist Studies, 19(4), 549-568. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468797619850107
Huta, V., & Waterman, A. S. (2014). Eudaimonia and its distinction from hedonia: Developing a classification and terminology for understanding conceptual and operational definitions.Journal of Happiness Studies, 15(6), 1425–1456. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-013-9485-0
Jeon H, Ok C and Choi J (2018) Destination marketing organization website visitors’ flow experience: an application of Plog’s model of personality. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing 35(4): 397–409. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2017.1358234
Kahneman, D., Kubovy, M., Diener, E., & Schwartz,N. (1999). Well-being: The foundations of hedonic psychology. Russell Sage Foundation. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2005.06.003
Karasakal, S., & Albayrak, T. (2022). How to create flow experience during travel: The role of destination attributes. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 28(3), 303-318. https://doi.org/10.1177/13567667211053386
Kastenholz, E. (2004). Assessment and role of destination-self-congruity. Annals of Tourism Research, 31(3),719-723.
Keyes, C. L. M. (1998). Social well-being. Social Psychology Quarterly, 61, 121–140. https://doi.org/10.2307/2787065
Keyes, C. L. M., & Shapiro, A. D. (2004). Social well-being in the United States: A descriptive epidemiology. In O. G. Brim, C. D. Ryff, & R. C. Kessler (Eds.) , How healthy are we? A national study of well-being at midlife (pp. 350–372). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. https://doi.org/10.7208/9780226074764-013
Kim, H., Kim, Y. G., & Woo, E. (2021). Examining the impacts of touristification on quality of life (QOL): The application of the bottom-up spillover theory. The Service Industries Journal, 41(11-12), 787-802. https://doi.org/10.3727/108354214X14116690098016
Kim, H.; Kim, Y.G.; Woo, E. (2021). Examining the impacts of touristification on quality of life (QOL): The application of the bottom-up spillover theory. Serv. Ind. J. 41, 787–802. https://doi.org/10.1080/02642069.2020.1722652
Konstantopoulou, C., Varelas, S., & Liargovas, P. (2024). Well-Being and Tourism: A Systematic Literature Review. Economies, 12(10), 281. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies12100281
Kosykh, O., Roh, H., & Hart, R. (2023). Self-expressiveness in slow tourism as a sustainable driver: The trans-Siberian railway travel experience. Sustainability, 15(10), 8011. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15108011
Kosykh, O., Roh, H., & Hart, R. (2023). Self-expressiveness in slow tourism as a sustainable driver: The trans-Siberian railway travel experience. Sustainability, 15(10), 8011. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15108011
Kruger, S. M., Sirgy, J., Lee, D., & Yu, G. (2015). Does life satisfaction of tourists increase if they set travel goals that have high positive valence? Tourism Analysis, 20(2), 173–188.https://doi.org/10.3727/108354215X14265319207353
Laing, J. H., & Frost, W. (2017). Journeys of well-being: Women’s travel narratives of transformation and selfdiscovery in Italy. Tourism Management, 62, 110–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2017.04.004
Lambert, L., Passmore, H.-A., & Holder, M. D. (2015). Foundational frameworks of positive psychology: Mapping well-being orientations. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne, 56(3), 311-321. doi:10.1037/cap0000033
Land, K. C., & Michalos, A. C. (2018). Fifty years after the social indicators movement: Has the promise been fulfilled? An assessment an agenda for the future. Social Indicators Research, 135, 835-868. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-017-1571-y
Lee, D. J., Kruger, S., & Uysal, M. (2014). Validating a customer well-being index related to natural wildlife tourism. Tourism Management, 45, 171-180.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2014.04.002
Lee, W., & Jeong, C. (2020). Beyond the correlation between tourist eudaimonic and hedonic experiences: necessary condition analysis. Current Issues in Tourism, 23(17), 2182–2194.https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2019.1611747
Lee, W., & Jeong, C. (2021). Distinctive roles of tourist eudaimonic and hedonic experiences on satisfaction and place attachment: Combined use of SEM and necessary condition analysis. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 47, 58-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2021.02.012
Lengieza, M. L., Hunt, C. A., & Swim, J. K. (2019). Measuring eudaimonic travel experiences. Annals of Tourism Research, 74, 195–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2018.05.002
Li, Y., Song, H., & Guo, R. (2021). A study on the causal process of virtual reality tourism and its attributes in terms of their effects on subjective well-being during COVID-19. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(3), 1019. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031019
Liberman, N., Sagristano, M. D., and Trope, Y. (2002). The Effect of Temporal Distance on Level of Mental Construal. Journal of experimental social psychology, 38(6), 523-534. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1031(02)00535-8
Lin, Z., & Rasoolimanesh, S. M. (2022). Sharing tourism experiences in social media: a systematic review. Anatolia, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1080/13032917.2022.2120029
Lindell, L., Sattari, S., & Höckert, E. (2022). Introducing a conceptual model for wellbeing tourism–going beyond the triple bottom line of sustainability. International journal of Spa and Wellness, 5(1), 16-32. https://doi.org/10.1080/24721735.2021.1961077
Liu, L.; Zhou, Y.; Sun, X. The Impact of the Wellness Tourism Experience on Tourist Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Tourist Satisfaction. Sustainability 2023, 15, 1872. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15031872 
Lochrie, S., Baxter, I. W., Collinson, E., Curran, R., Gannon, M. J., Taheri, B., ... & Yalinay, O. (2019). Self-expression and play: can religious tourism be hedonistic?. Tourism Recreation Research, 44(1), 2-16. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2018.1545825
Lunardo, R., & Ponsignon, F. (2020). Achieving immersion in the tourism experience: The role of autonomy, temporal dissociation, and reactance. Journal of Travel Research, 59(7), 1151-1167. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287519878509
Lundin, E., Soulard, J., & Stewart, W. (2023). A broaden-and-build theoretical perspective on dark tourism visitors’ transformative emotional journeys. Leisure Sciences, 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2023.2196272
Luo, J.M.; Lam, C.F.; Fan, D.X.F.  (2020). The development of measurement scale for entertainment tourism experience: A case study in Macau. Curr. Issues Tour., 23, 852–866. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2018.1556251
Magano, J., Fraiz-Brea, J. A., & Leite, Â. (2023). Dark tourism, the holocaust, and well-being: A systematic review. Heliyon, 9(1). https://www.cell.com/heliyon
Mariqueo-Russell, A. (2023). Well-being and the Problem of Unstable Desires. Utilitas, 35(4), 260-276. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0953820823000171
Massara, F., and Severino, F. (2013). Psychological Distance in the Heritage Experience. Annals of Tourism Research, 42, 108-129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2013.01.005
McCabe, S., & Johnson, S. (2013). The happiness factor in tourism: Subjective well-being and social tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 41, 42-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2012.12.001
McCabe, S., Joldersma, T., & Li, C. (2010). Understanding the benefits of social tourism: Linking participation to subjective well‐being and quality of life. International journal of tourism research, 12(6), 761-773. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.791
Mendes, J., Medeiros, T., Silva, O., Tomás, L., Silva, L., & Ferreira, J. A. (2022). PERMA model of well-being applied to Portuguese senior tourists: A confirmatory factor analysis. Sustainability, 14(13), 7538. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14137538
Mendes, J., Medeiros, T., Silva, O., Tomás, L., Silva, L., & Ferreira, J. A. (2022). PERMA model of well-being applied to Portuguese senior tourists: A confirmatory factor analysis. Sustainability, 14(13), 7538. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14137538
Minnaert, L., Maitland, R., & Miller, G. (2009). Tourism and social policy: The value of social tourism. Annals of tourism research, 36(2), 316-334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2009.01.002
Młynkowiak-Stawarz, A. (2023). Do Polish tourists want wellbeing tourism? Preferences for wellbeing tourism versus the psychological wellbeing of individuals. e-mentor, 99(2), 56-68.https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=1148163
Młynkowiak-Stawarz, A. (2023). Do Polish tourists want wellbeing tourism? Preferences for wellbeing tourism versus the psychological wellbeing of individuals. e-mentor, 99(2), 56-68.
Morgan, N., Pritchard, A., & Sedgley, D. (2015). Social tourism and well-being in later life. Annals of Tourism Research, 52, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2015.02.015
Nawijn, J. (2010). The holiday happiness curve: A preliminary investigation into mood during a holiday abroad. International Journal of Tourism Research, 12(3), 281–90. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.756
Nawijn, J., & Veenhoven, R. (2011). The effect of leisure activities on life satisfaction: The importance of holiday trips. In I. Brdar (Ed.), The human pursuit of well-being: A cultural approach (pp. 39–53). Dordrecht, the Netherlands/Heidelberg, Germany/London/New York: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1375-8_4
Neal, J. D., Uysal, M., & Sirgy, M. J. (2007). The Effect of Tourism Services on Travelers’ Quality of Life. Journal of Travel Research, 46(2), 154–163. doi:10.1177/0047287507303977
Neuhofer, B., Celuch, K., & To, T. L. (2020). Experience design and the dimensions of transformative festival experiences. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 32(9), 2881–2901. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-01-2020-0008
Newman, D. B., Tay, L., & Diener, E. (2014). Leisure and subjective well-being: A model of psychological mechanisms as mediating factors. Journal of Happiness Studies, 15(3), 555–578.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-013-9435-x
Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2004). Character strengths and virtues: A handbook and classification. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press.
Pocinho, M., Garcês, S., & De Jesus, S. N. (2022). Wellbeing and resilience in tourism: A systematic literature review during COVID-19. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 748947. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.748947
Pope, E. (2018). Tourism and wellbeing: Transforming people and places. International Journal of Spa and Wellness, 1(1), 69–81. https://doi.org/10.1080/24721735.2018.1438559
Pourfakhimi, S., Nadim, Z., Prayag, G., & Mulcahy, R. (2020). The influence of neophobia and enduring food involvement on travelers’ perceptions of wellbeing: evidence from international visitors to Iran. International Journal of Tourism Research, 23(2),178–191. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2391
Pourjahan, S., Mohajer, B., & Kuhzady, S. (2022). Creative Tourism Planning Theory Framework: A Systematic Review. Journal of Tourism Planning and Development, 11(41), 103-121. doi:10.22080/jtpd.2022.22659.3631. [in Persian]
Pung JM, Gnoth J and Del Chiappa G. (2020). Tourist transformation: towards a conceptual model. Annals of Tourism Research 81: 102885. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2020.102885
Pyke, J., Pyke, S., & Watuwa, R. (2019). Social tourism and well-being in a first nation community. Annals of Tourism Research, 77, 38-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2019.04.013
Pyke, S, Hartwell, H, Blake, A, Hemingway, A. (2016). Exploring well-being as a tourism product resource,Tourism Management,Volume 55, Pages 94-105,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2016.02.004
Pyke, S., Hartwell, H., Blake, A., & Hemingway, A. (2016). Exploring well-being as a tourism product resource. Tourism Management, 55, 94-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2016.02.004
Qunming Z, Rong T, Ting M, et al. (2017) Flow experience study of eco-tourists: A case study of Hunan Daweishan Mountain ski area. Journal of Resources and Ecology 8(5): 494–501. https://doi.org/10.5814/j.issn.1674-764x.2017.05.007
Rahmani, K., Gnoth, J., & Mather, D. (2018). Hedonic and eudaimonic well-being: A psycholinguistic view. Tourism Management, 69, 155–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2018.06.008
Rittichainuwat, B. N., Qu, H., & Leong, J. K. (2003). The Collective Impacts of a Bundle of Travel Determinants on Repeat Visitation. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 27(2), 217-236. doi:10.1177/1096348003027002005
Rossetti, G., Jepson, A., & Albanese, V. E. (2024). Food festivals and well-being: Extending the PERMA model. Annals of Tourism Research, 107, 103772. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2024.103772
Ruggeri, K., Garcia-Garzon, E., Maguire, Á., Matz, S., & Huppert, F. A. (2020). Well-being is more than happiness and life satisfaction: a multidimensional analysis of 21 countries. Health and quality of life outcomes, 18, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-020-01423-y
Ryan, R. (2009). Self-determination theory and wellbeing. Social Psychology, 84(822), 848.https://www.welldev.org.uk/wed-new/network/research-review/Review_1_Ryan.pdf
Ryff, C. D., & Singer, B. H. (2006). Best news yet on the six-factor model of well-being. Social science research, 35(4), 1103-1119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2006.01.002
Scannell, L., Gifford, R., 2010. Defining place attachment: a tripartite organizing framework. J. Environ. Psychol. 30 (1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2009.09.006
Scarpi, D., & Raggiotto, F. (2023). A construal level view of contemporary heritage tourism. Tourism Management, 94, 104648. https://www.elsevier.com/locate/tourman
Seligman, M. (2018). PERMA and the building blocks of well-being. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 13(4), 333–335. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2018. 1437466
Seligman, M. E. P., Steen, T. A., Park, N., & Peterson,C. (2005). Positive psychology progress: Empirical validation of interventions. American Psychologist, 60(5), 410–421. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X. 60.5.410
Shekari, F. (2023). Proposing a Multi-faceted Conceptual Framework for Religious Tourist Experience: A Systematic Review., Tourism Management Studies, 18(63), 105- 148.doi:10.22054/tms.2023.74621.2848 [in Persian]
Sheldon, K. M., & Lucas, R. E. (2014). Stability of happiness: Theories and evidence on whether happiness can change. Elsevier.
Sheldon, K. M., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2012). The challenge of staying happier: Testing the hedonic adaptation prevention model. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 38(5), 670-680.https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167212436400
Sirgy, M. J., & Uysal, M. (2016). Developing a eudaimonia research agenda in travel and tourism. Handbook of eudaimonic well-being, 485-495. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42445-3_32
Sirgy, M. (2019). Promoting quality-of-life and well-being research in hospitality and tourism. J. Travel Tour. Mark. 36, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2018.1526757
Sirgy, M.J., Uysal, M. & Kruger, S. (2017). Towards a Benefits Theory of Leisure Well-Being. Applied Research Quality Life 12, 205–228. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-016-9482-7
Smith, M. K., & Diekmann, A. (2017). Tourism and wellbeing. Annals of Tourism Research,66, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2017.05.006
Sohn, E;Yuan, J. (2011). Tourist Self-concept, Self-congruity, and Travel Behavior based on Cultural Event. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14394/30058
Song, G., Edelheim, J., & Johnson, J. (2024). Positive tourist experience: The PERMA approach for understanding the well-being of young tourists. Tourism: An International Interdisciplinary Journal, 72(4), 654-659. https://hrcak.srce.hr/319816
Song, G., Edelheim, J., & Johnson, J. (2024). Positive Tourist Experience: The PERMA Approach for Understanding the Well-Being of Young Tourists. Tourism: An International Interdisciplinary Journal, 72(4), 654-659. https://doi.org/10.37741/t.72.4.11
Sop, S.A. (2020). Self-congruity theory in tourism research: A systematic review and future research directions. European Journal of Tourism Research 26, 2604. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Sop, S.A. (2020). Self-congruity theory in tourism research: A systematic review and future research directions. European Journal of Tourism Research 26, 2604. https://doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v26i.1935
Soulard, J., McGehee, N., & Knollenberg, W. (2021). Developing and testing the transformative travel experience scale (TTES). Journal of Travel Research, 60(5),923–946. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287520919511
Stebbins, R. A. (2018). Leisure and the positive psychological states. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 13(1), 8–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2017.1374444
Steger, M. F. (2012). Experiencing meaning in life: Optimal functioning at the nexus of spirituality, psychopathology, and well-being. In P. T. P.
Su, L., B. Tang, and J. Nawijn.)2020(. Eudaimonic and Hedonic Wellbeing Pattern Changes: Intensity and Activity. Annals of Tourism Research 84:103008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2020.103008S
Su, L., Tang, B., & Nawijn, J. (2021). How tourism activity shapes travel experience sharing: Tourist well-being and social context. Annals of Tourism Research, 91, 103316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2021.103316
Su, L.; Swanson, S.R.; Chen, X. (2018). Reputation, subjective well-being, and environmental responsibility: The role of satisfaction and identification. J. Sustain. Tour.26, 1344–1361. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2018.1443115
Tasci, A. D. A., & Godovykh, M. (2021). An empirical modeling of transformation process through trip experiences. Tourism Management, 86, Article 104332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2021.104332
Thal, K. I., & Hudson, S. (2019). A conceptual model of wellness destination characteristics that contribute to psychological well-being. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 43(1), 41-57. https://doi.org/10.1177/1096348017704498
Vada, S., C. Prentice, and A. Hsiao. 2019. The Role of Positive Psychology in Tourists’ Behavioural Intentions. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 51:293–303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2019.06.015
Vada, S., Filep, S., Moyle, B., Gardiner, S., & Tuguinay, J. (2023). Welcome back: Repeat visitation and tourist wellbeing. Tourism Management, 98, 104747.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2023.104747
Vada, S., Prentice, C., Scott, N., & Hsiao, A. (2020). Positive psychology and tourist well-being: A systematic literature review. Tourism Management Perspectives, 33, 100631. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2019.100631
Voigt, C., Howat, G., & Brown, G. (2010). Hedonic and eudaimonic experiences among wellness tourists: An exploratory enquiry. Annals of Leisure Research, 13(3), 541-562. https://doi.org/10.1080/11745398.2010.9686862
Waterman, A.S.; Schwartz, S.J.; Conti, R. (2008). The implications of two conceptions of happiness (hedonic enjoyment and eudaimonia) for the understanding of intrinsic motivation. J. Happiness Stud. 9, 41–79. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-006-9020-7
Wilson, E., & Harris, C. (2006). Meaningful travel: Women, independent travel and the search for self and meaning. Tourism, 54(2), 161–172. Retrieved from. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/37358209
Wu JJ and Chang YS (2005) Towards understanding members’ interactivity, trust, and flow in online travel community. Industrial Management & Data Systems 105(7): 937–954.https://doi.org/10.1108/02635570510616120
Yang, E. C. L., Khoo-Lattimore, C., & Arcodia, C. (2018). Power and empowerment: How Asian solo female travelers perceive and negotiate risks. Tourism Management, 68,32–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2018.02.017
Youyin, Z. H. A. N. G., Lihong, Y., Lei, J. I. A. N. G., Zhandong, Y. A. N. G., & Heng, X. U. (2024). Exploring the Relationship between Tourist Involvement and the Tourists' Authentic Happiness from the Perspective of Constructive-Developmental Theory. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 15(3), 782-792. https://doi.org/10.5814/j.issn.1674-764x.2024.03.023
Yu, J., Smale, B., & Xiao, H. (2021). Examining the change in wellbeing following a holiday. Tourism Management, 87, 104367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2021.104367
Zhang SN, Li YQ, Liu CH, et al. (2021). Does live performance play a critical role in building destination brand equity—A mixed-method study of impression Dahongpao. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 59: 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2020.102392
Zhang, H., Huang, K., Feng, W. Y., & Zhu, J. J. (2023). Authentic well-being in the third space among Hanfu-wearing Chinese tourists: A PERMA analysis. Tourism Management Perspectives, 47, 101106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2023.101106 
برنامه ریزی و توسعه گردشگری
دوره 14، شماره 52
فروردین 1404
صفحه 195-241

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار