Sociological analysis of factors influencing the sense of social safety of tourists(Case study: Babolsar tourists)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Instructor of Social Science Department of Payame Noor University

2 Assistant Professor of Payame Noor University

Abstract

Extended Abstract 
Today, tourism is closely linked to the security issue. Security: It means freeing from any threat - an invasion of the legitimate and legitimate rights and freedoms of citizens and consists of two layers that are: personal and social security. The sense of security in tourists has important personal and social functions that, in the event of disruption of these functions, feel insecurity in the walkways. In urban areas, walkways have a special position, so that the higher the quality and quantity of these socio-cultural spaces, the citizens will have more opportunities to spend their leisure and recreation. The main goal of the walkways is to provide citizens with a peaceful and enjoyable holiday with pleasure and relaxation. The existence of security in the public parks and parks of the city, such as parks, has various personal and social functions.
It should be noted that there are many barriers to the provision of personal and social needs of citizens, which have greatly reduced the sense of security and comfort of citizens, especially tourists. In turn, this phenomenon has fueled the expansion of the spirit of dissatisfaction, insecurity, loneliness, sadness, fear, social tension, separation from nature, and distrust and social injustice. The harassing behaviors of some people often affect all those who use or tend to use these spaces. (Maybe tourists) are reluctant to go and use these places because they are afraid of being abused. Parks in all seasons are welcomed by different classes, such as children, adolescents and the elderly, and tourists and travelers. Therefore, security debate is one of the most important topics for tourists, which requires the participation of the police and the municipality and related organizations (Police Command of Golestan Province, 2010: 7) Also, the role of citizens and people in security is important because security is not isolated from people; therefore, everyone should be responsible for their contribution to the realization of security; hence, damaging the image of parks and walkways is an effective step towards healthy living space. The people of the city are moving towards the enrichment of the leisure time of the citizens. This research seeks to achieve and identify the sense of individual security and social security in Babolsar with an emphasis on empirical research among tourists; therefore, the main question of the research is to what extent do tourists benefit from the sense of individual security and the sense of social security? Security and tourism, as the parameters of an equation, are directly connected to each other. In fact, as security is one of the main causes of the development of tourism, the tourism boom in the region and the movement of tourists within a destination, create security. Increase in the number of tourists stimulates business and raise income of corporations and institutions that are active in this field. Tourism development, especially in less developed countries, is an effective way to cope with poverty and to increase people’s income, reduce unemployment and economic and social prosperity. The aim of this study is to identify the factors affecting social security of tourists at the Babolsar city, Mazandarn province
 
Materials and Methods
Statistical population, sample size and sampling method is a survey research method in which the correlation of independent variables with dependent variables is measured. The statistical population of the study includes all tourists (including domestic and foreign tourists) who were in different recreational destinations in 1395 , Science and sports enter the city of Babolsar. According to the current statistics of 1394, about 2600,000 tourists arrived in Iran. The emotional trust that an individual or people have about an affirmative one is actually a positive attitude toward the individual or something external, which reflects the extent of the assessment of the phenomenon we face (Abbas Zadeh,2004, quoted by Moeed Far 1388: 125). Trust is to have good suspicion of others in the relationship between the three types: 1. Interpersonal trust 2. Social trust (generalized) 3. Institutional trust (Pathnam, 292-137-29)
In order to measure the level of social trust of people, three types of trust were first separated, and then, using these three types, the social trust variables were measured using the Likert scale. These three types of trust are: 1. Interpersonal trust includes trust in family members, relatives, friends and colleagues, also known as personal trust. 2) social trust (generalized), trust in aliens or less familiar members of the community 3) Institutional trust, trust in organizations, institutions and groups in the field of government (Mousavi Khamenei, 2004:10)
 
Research Findings
This is an applied research done through a descriptive-analytic method. Library and field methods were used for data collection. The population of the study is all of the tourists of Babolsar city in 2015 from which, 384 people were selected as sample using the formula of unlimited population. Based on the results, there was significant relationship between the sense of security, consisting individual and social sense of security, and total trust, personal trust, social trust and media consumption, at 95% confidence level. Also, age and education level were significantly related with a sense of security. The results of regression analysis showed that regression coefficient was significant at α=0.000 level with R=0.482 indicating with a change in standard deviation of social trust, the police, media consumption and education would made predicable personal and social sense of security in order to 0.125, 0.227, 0.205 and 0.305, respectively.
According to the results of Pearson's correlation between social and individual security. The components of income age of social trust and the meaning of the media consumption police have been observed positively and significantly. It can be seen that what is presented by tourists and as a "sense of security" is related to the sense of individual and social security. It can be said that the feeling of security is a kind of mentality and positive psychological orientation of the citizens about the inability to influence the occurrence and events of events. Urban sprawl has the greatest relationship with people and places of recreation and walking, and as a result, it is important for tourists to be identified and provided a sense of tranquility and security. Many obstacles have arisen to meet the individual and social needs of tourists, which has led to a sharp decline in the sense of security and tranquility of tourists. In turn, this phenomenon has fueled the spread of dissatisfaction, insecurity, loneliness, sadness, fear, social tension, separation from nature. The availability of facilities is one of the important factors that bring the tourist to the harbor, and the presence of tourists and citizens in their recreational places increases security. Criminals often take quiet and silent places for their actions. We now refer to the indicators and components of the sense of security:1,  Access to facilities (education, health,welfare and freedom); 2. Lack of crime and delinquency in tourist places; and 3. Reduced barriers to personal and social safety.
 
Conclusion
In the present study, it has been determined that the existence of variables related to social capital (such as the trust of tourists to Iranians, the sense of security, is an important aspect of human relations and will lead to widespread international participation and cooperation. In general, it can be said that the circles of life Social is based on the basis of trust and cooperation and the importance of trust and cooperation in social relationships and connections is such that they can be considered as an essential element of social life in the international arena in the modern world that extends the field of interaction in different dimensions. By contrast, reducing each aspect of social capital causes the people of the community to feel insecure in the first step and withdraw from cooperation and expansion of interactions in different aspects of society due to fears and concerns. And in this case, the social relations in and out of the country will decrease exponentially. Therefore, the tourism industry is also challenged in terms of social status (the acceptance of tourism by the people).
In summary, the most important suggestions of this research are:
- Development of tourist police in historical and tourist places;
- Strengthen native culture through schools and universities and ... to work with domestic and foreign tourists;
- Development of tourism culture through the development of scientific tourism centers;
- Promotion through traditional media and new electronic media such as satellite and Internet;
- Organizing free tourism courses for the general public and marketers;
- Development of catering and accommodation services;
- Implementation of special traffic plans for tourists around historic works, especially the city center;
- Development of transport fleet for tourists
- Provides guidance for specialist tours in the city
- Use of other countries experiences in tourism
 
Keywords: tourism, tourism development, tourism, Babolsar, tourist
 
References: 

Rafieis, M, Asgari, A and Asgarizadeh, Z. (2009). Measurement of Residential Satisfaction of Nawab Neighborhoods, Human Geographic Research, No.67:68-53
Oli, A.(2011). Women and Security in Urban Public Spaces (Case Study: Shiraz Free Space Park, Sociology, Volume 3, Number 2: 165-143
Saeednia, A.(2012). Green Book of the Municipality, Tehran: Parks & Green Space Publishing
Shayegan, F., & Rostami, F.(2011). Social Identity and Safety Sense, Quarterly Journal of Welfare and Social Development Planning, No.9:182-142
Police Chief of Golestan Province (2010). Report of the field of Applied Research and Applied Tourism and Security, Report No. 1 / Autumn.

 

Keywords


  1. انجمن تخصصی معماری و شهرسازی (1392). افزایش احساس امنیت فضاهای                عمومی به خصوص پارک­ها با استفاده از اصول (CPTED:مراجعه، http://www.iranshahrsaz.com/newreply.php
  2. بهیان، شاپور و فیروزآبادی، آمنه (1392).بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر احساس امنیت اجتماعی در شهرها (مطالعهی موردی: کرمان)، فصلنامه­ی مطالعات جامعه شناختی شهری، شماره 6 :   122-103.
  3. پاتنام، رابرت. (1384). دموکراسی و سنت‌های مدنی، ترجمه: محمدتقی دلفر‌وز، تهران: انتشارات روزنامه سلام.
  4. چلبی، مسعود(1385) . جامعهشناسینظمتشریحوتحلیلنظرینظم) اجتماعی، تهران، نشر نی
  5. سینایی، وحید(1380). ناکارآمدی، رکود وبحران در جهانگردی ایـران، ماهنامـه اطلاعـات سیاسـی و اقتصادی، سال شانزدهم، شماره پنجم وششم، صص: 35-31
  6. سعیدنیا، احمد (1391).کتاب سبز شهرداری، تهران: انتشارات سازمان پارکها و فضای سبز
  7. ستوده، محمد (1379). جهانى شدن و امنیت ملى،علومسیاسى، سال سوم، شمارة نهم، صص: 94-99.
  8. شاه آبادی، زارع و ترکان، رحمت الله (1390) بررسی عوامل موثر بر احساس امنیت اجتماعی در بین شهروندان شهر یزد، فصلنامه نظم و امنیت انتظا تابستان، دوره، 4 شماره2; از صفحه 125 تا صفحه 148.
  9. شایگان، فریبا و رستمی، فاطمه (1390)هویت اجتماعی و احساس امنیت، فصلنامه­ی برنامه ریزی رفاه و توسعه­ی اجتماعی، شماره­ی 9 :182 -142

10. شاهیوند، احمد و همکاران (1390). نقش پلیس در تامین امنیت و جذب گردشگری، مجله مطالعات امنیت اجتماع، شماره 26،‌صص: 49-60.

11. شاهیوندی، احمد؛ رئیسی وانانی، رضا و سلطانی، مرضیه (1390). تأثیر امنیت روانی و اجتمـاعی بـر جذب گردشگران خارجی (نمونه موردی گردشگران خارجی وارد شده به شـهر اصـفهان در سـال1391، فصلنامه نظم و امنیت انتظامی، سال چهارم، شماره اول، صص 138-137 .

12. شکربیگی، عالیه؛ آقایی نـور، مـریم؛ قبـادی، عبـاس و عبـدال علی پـور، قـادر (1390). بررسـی تـاثیر رسانه­های جمعی بر احساس امنیت اجتماعی (مطالعه موردی، افراد 18-38 سـال اسـتان چهارمحـال و بختیاری) فصلنامه دانش انتظامی، سال سیزدهم، شماره 4 ، صص 61-31.

13. صیدایی، اسکندر و عیوضلو، محمود (1389) نقش امنیت در توسعه­ی گردشگری، فصلنامه­ی تخصصی علوم اجتماعی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، سال 4 ،شماره­ی 8 :37 -16

14. رفیعیان، مجتبی؛ عسگری، علی و عسگری­زاده، زهرا (1388). سنجش میزان رضایتمندی مسکونی ساکنان محله­ی نواب، پژوهش های جغرافیای انسانی، شماره­ی 67 :68 -53.

15. کارگر، بهمن (1383).امنیت شهری:ارزیابی کارایی خدمات انتظامی و امنیتی در نظام مدیریت شهری، سازمان آموزش وخدمات پس از فروش مهاد صنعت.

16. گلی، علی (1390 ). زنان و امنیت در فضاهای عمومی شهری (مطالعه موردی: پارک آزادی شیراز)، جامعه شناسی، دوره­ی 3، شماره 2 :165-143

17. گیدنز، آننونی. (1378). سیاست، جامعه­شناسی و نظریه اجتماعی. ترجمه: منوچهر صبوری. تهران: نشر نی.

18. گیدنز،آنتونی (1388). جامعه شناسی، چاپ سوم، تهران: نشرنی.

19. فرماندهی انتظامی استان گلستان (1389). گزارش پژوهشی حوزهی مطالعات و تحقیقات کاربردی گردشگاه­ها و امنیت، گزارش شماره­ی 1 /پاییز.

20. هزارجریبی، جعفر (1390).احساس امنیت اجتماعی از منظر توسعه گردشگری، مجله علمی پژوهشی جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی محیطی، سال 20 ،شماره­ی2 :99 -77.

21. نبوی، سیدعبدالحسین؛ حسین­زاده، علی حسین و حسینی، سیده هاجر (1389). بررسی عوامل اجتماعی و اقتصادی مؤثر بر احساس احساس امنیت، جامعه شناسی کاربردی، شماره 4 : 96-73

22. رفیعیان، مجتبی؛ عسگری، علی و عسگری­زاده، زهرا (1388)سنجش میزان رضایتمندی مسکونی ساکنان محله­ی نواب، پژوهش های جغرافیای انسانی، شماره­ی 67 :68 -53.

23. ریتزر، جرج. (1373). نظریه­های جامعه­شناسی. ترجمه: ا، غرویان. تهران: انتشارات ماجد.

24. ربانی، رسول؛ شاهیوندی، احمد؛ دهقان نیا، محمد منصور و ناظرحضرت، جعفر(1390). نقش پلیس -در تأمین امنیت و جذب گردشگری (نمونه موردی شهر اصفهان)، فصلنامهمطالعاتامنیت اجتماعی،اصفهان، صص60-39

25. رفیعیان، مجتبی،عسگری، علی،عسگری­زاده، زهرا، (1388).رضایت مندی شهروندان از محیط‌های سکونتی شهری، مجله علوم محیطی، سال هفتم، شماره اول، صص: 57-67.

26. صالحی فرد، محمد؛ خاکپور، براتعلی و هادی رفیعی، معصومه (1389). تحلیلی بر ابعاد اجتماعی فضاهای سبز شهری با تأکید بر دیدگاه شهروندان، فضای جغرافیایی، سال 10 شماره 29: 59-51

27. موسوی خامنه، مرضیه (1383) .سرمایه اجتماعی و سلوک اجتماعی (پیامدهای مدنی سرمایه اجتماعی در مدارس)، پایان‌نامه مقطع دکتری، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی دانشگاه تهران، راهنما: توسلی، غلامعباس.

28. نویدنیا، منیژه. (۱۳۸۸). امنیت اجتماعی. تهران: نشر پژوهشکده مطالعات راهبردی.

29. وارثی، حمیدرضا، تقوایی، مسعود و شاهیوند، احمد (1390). تحلیلی بر وضعیت زیرساخته­ای گردشگری در شهر اصفهان، مجلهجغرافیا و برنامه­ریزی محیطی، دوره 32، شماره 44: 91-112.

30. زارعی، نوشین (1385). تاثیرامنیت روانی بر توسعه صـنعت توریسـم در اسـتان­هـای بوشـهر و فـارس (مطالعه موردی گردشگران خارجی)، پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد دانشـگاه تهـران: دانشـکده مـدیریت، گروه مدیریت بازرگانی.

31. هزارجریبی دستکی، جعفر و رضا صفری شالی، 1388، بررسی تعامل دو مفهوم شهروندی و امنیت اجتماعی، پژوهشنامة نظم و امنیت انتظامی، دوره سوم، شماره سوم، صص 30-35.

  1. Steiner , C.(2006). Social distance, security threats and tourism volatility, university of mainz Germany

33. Asli D. A. Tasci & Boylu,Y. (2009). Cultural Comparison of Tourists’ Safety perception in Relatin to Trip Satisfaction, School of Tourism and Hospitality Management, Mugla university, Turkey

  1. Tarlow, P. E. (2015). Tourism Security Different Places/ Different Faces, Hawai’i state Tourism conference Honolulu

35. Vornanen, R., Torronen, M. and Niemela, P. (2009). Insecurity of young people: the meaning of insecurity as defined by 13-17- year – old Finns, Young, 17 (4): 399- 419.