An Analysis of the Social Life Cycle in Cultural Tourism Destinations (Case Study of Masooleh Town)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Geography and Tourism Planning, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran

2 faculty of Geographical Sciences, Kharazmi University of Tehran, Iran

3 MSc. in Tourism Planning, Kharazmi University of Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Cultural tourism is one example of the alternative tourism. the approach of the "social life cycle" among the latest operational tools for assessing socio impacts of sustainable development and its effectiveness in the field of tourism is considered and cultural tourism destination has been exposed for the first time under the present article. The strategic goal of this research, which is based on the combination of documentary and survey methodology, is to analyze the stakeholders’ viewpoints regarding the sustainable socio-economic effects of the cultural tourism development in Masooleh town, as well as to recognize the extent of the difference in the importance order of the impact categories on the overall index of the social life cycle. The results indicate that, in general, the effect of tourism on the impact categories of the social life cycle is positive from the stakeholders’ perspective and, in the meantime, the importance of "governance" has influenced the most rather than the rest of impact categories in the overall index of the social life cycle, also, there are correlations between the impact categories of the social life cycle destinations and the correlation coefficient of the "working conditions" is higher than other dimensions in the Masooleh

Keywords

References

  1.  

    1.  Andereck, K. L., Valentine, K. M., Knopf, R. C., & Vogt, C. A. (2005). Residents’ perceptions of community tourism impacts. Annals of Tourism Research, 32(4), 1056-1076. Andrews, E.; Lesage, P.; Benoît, C.; Parent, J.; Norris, G.; Revéret, J.-P. “Life cycle attribute assessment”. J. Ind. Ecol. 2009, 13, 565–578.
    2. Arcese, G., Lucchetti, M., & Merli, R. (2013). Social life cycle assessment as a management tool: methodology for application in tourism. Sustainability, 5(8), 3275-3287.
    3. Arcese, G., Merli, R., & Lucchetti, M. C. (2013). Life cycle approach: A critical review in the tourism sector. In The 3rd World Sustainability Forum (pp. 1-10).
    4. Benoît, C., & Mazijn, B. (2009). Guidelines for social life cycle assessment of products, UNEP/SETAC(2009) Life Cycle Initiative. Sustainable Product and Consumption Branch Paris, France.
    5. Briedenhann, J., & Wickens, E. (2004). Tourism routes as a tool for the economic development of rural areas—vibrant hope or impossible dream?. Tourism management, 25(1), 71-79.
    6. Cater, E. (1994). Ecotourism in the Third World: problems and prospects for sustainability. Ecotourism: a sustainable option?., 69-86.
    7. Ciroth, A. Franze, J. (2011). Conducting a Social LCA, Workshop on Social Aspects of Products over the Whole Life Cycle, BERLIN. PP.1-91.
    8. Ciroth,A., Franze, J.(2011).” Conducting a Social LCA, Workshop Social Aspects of Products Over the Whole Life Cycle”,BERLIN.PP.1-91

    15.Dekadt, E.(1990).”Making  the Alternative sustainable:lessons from development for tourism discussion “.paper 272,institute of development studies, brighton.pp1-21

    16.Delcour A, Van Stappen F, Gheysense S,Decryenaere V, Stilmant D, Burny P,Rabier F,Louppe H, Goffart J.P (2012).”Contribution of social life cycle assessment to the evaluation of more sustainable scenarios of cereal uses in Wallonia ( Belgium )”.pp:1-4

    17.Dreyer L, Hauschild M, Schierbeck J (2006).” A Framework for Social Life Cycle Impact Assessment”. Int J LCA 11 (2) 88–97

    18.Du & Dias Du C, Fausto F & Luis D. (2015). “Overview of Social Life Cycle Assessment. Conference”. Life cycle in practice. Int J Life Cycle Assessment, 11, 88-97

    1. Du, C., Freire, F., & Dias, L. (2015, March). Overview of social life cycle assessment. In [avniR] Conference, Life cycle in practice.
    2. Eber, S. (1992). Beyond the green horizon: A discussion paper on principles for sustainable tourism. Tourism Concern & World Wildlife Fund.
    3. Ekener-Petersen, E., & Finnveden, G. (2013). Potential hotspots identified by social LCA—part 1: a case study of a laptop computer. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 18(1), 127-143.
    4. Ekener-Petersen, E., & Moberg, Å. (2013). Potential hotspots identified by social LCA–Part 2: Reflections on a study of a complex product. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 18(1), 144-154.
    5. Environment Programme (UNEP) and Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC), Belgium.
    6. Font, X., & Ahjem, T. E. (1999). Searching for a balance in tourism development strategies. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 11(2/3), 73-77.
    7. Gnoth, J., & Zins, A. H. (2013). Developing a tourism cultural contact scale. Journal of Business Research, 66(6), 738-744.
    8. Guinée, J. B. (2002). Handbook on life cycle assessment operational guide to the ISO standards. The international journal of life cycle assessment, 7(5), 311-313.
    9. Hiltunen, M. J. (2007). Environmental impacts of rural second home tourism–case Lake District in Finland. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 7(3), 243-265.
    10. Hosseinijou  A,  Mansour S,  Akbarpour Shirazi M.(2014).” Social life cycle assessment for material selection: a case study of building materials”. Int J Life Cycle Assess (2014) 19:620–645 Hauschild, M.Z.; Dreyer, L.C.; Jørgensen, A. Assessing social impacts in a life cycle perspective—Lessons learned. CIRP Ann. Manuf. Techn. 2008, 57, 21–

    29.Hunkeler D (2006).” Societal LCA Methodology and Case Study”. Int J LCA 11 (6) 371–382

    1. Hunter, C., & Green, H. (1995). Tourism and the environment: A sustainable relationship? Routledge.
    2. Janusz, G. K., & Bajdor, P. (2013). Towards to sustainable tourism–framework, activities and dimensions. Procedia economics and finance, 6, 523-529.
    3.   Jiang, Xuan and Homsey, Andrew(2008);Heritage Tourism Planning Guidebook Methods for Implementing Heritage Tourism Programs in Sussex County, Delaware; Institute for Public Administration, Universtyy of Delaware.
    4. Johnny, p., Euka, C., Nwonu, C., Okafor (2014). A Critical Review of The Effect of Working Conditions On Employee Performance: Evidence From Nigeria.pp:1-12

    34.Joregensen A, Finkbeiner M, S. Jørgensen M, Z. Hauschild, Michael .(2010). “Defining the baseline in social life cycle assessment” Int J Life Cycle Assess ,15:376–384

    1. Jørgensen A, C. Dreyer L, Wangel A.(2012).” Addressing the effect of social life cycle assessments”. Int J Life Cycle Assess (2012) 17:828–839

    36.Jørgensen A,Le Bocq A, Nazarkina L, Hauschild M(2008) “Methodologies for Social Life Cycle Assessment”.PP: 96-103

    1. Jørgensen, A. (2013). Social LCA—a way ahead?.

    38.Kasimoglu, Murat, Aydin, Handan( 2012).” Strategies for Tourism Industr Micro and Macro Perspectives, Chapter 10: The Role and Importance o Cultural Tourism in Modern Tourism Industry

    1. Keyes, C. L., & Shapiro, A. D. (2004). Social well-being in the United States: A descriptive epidemiology. How healthy are we, 15(3), 350-372.
    2.  Kisi, Nermin(2019); A Strategic Approach to Sustainable Tourism Development Using the A’WOT Hybrid Method: A Case Study of Zonguldak, Turkey; Sustainability 2019, 11, 964,2-19.
    3.  Ko, J. T. (2001). Assessing progress of tourism sustainability. Annals of Tourism Research, 28(3), 817-820.

    42.Kumar Singh  R, Murty H.R, Gupta S.K, Dikshit A.K.(2009)” An overview of sustainability assessment methodologies”. e c o lo g i c a l in d i c a to r s 9 ( 2 0 0 9 ) 1 8 9 – 2 1 2

    43.Labuschagne C, C. Brent A(2006).”Social Indicators for Sustainable Project and Technology Life Cycle Management in the Process Industry”.PP: 3- 15

    1. Lagarde, V., & Macombe, C. (2013). Designing the social life cycle of products from the systematic competitive model. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 18(1), 172-184.

    45.Lehmann A, Zschieschang E, Traverso M, Finkbeiner M, Schebek L(2013). “Social aspects for sustainability assessment of technologies—challenges for social life cycle assessment (SLCA)”. Int J Life Cycle Assess (2013) 18:1581–1592

    1. Lehmann, A., Zschieschang, E., Traverso, M., Finkbeiner, M., & Schebek, L. (2013). Social aspects for sustainability assessment of technologies—challenges for social life cycle assessment (SLCA). The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 18(8), 1581-1592.
    2. Levin, H. M., Jamison, D. T., & Radner, R. (1976). Concepts of economic efficiency and educational production. In Education as an industry (pp. 149-198). NBER.

    48.Manik  Y, Leahy J, Halog A(2013).” Social life cycle assessment of palm oil biodiesel: a case study in Jambi Province of Indonesia”. Int J Life Cycle Assess (2013) 18:1386–1392

    1. Martínez-Blanco, J., Lehmann, A., Chang, Y. J., & Finkbeiner, M. (2015). Social organizational LCA (SOLCA)—a new approach for implementing social LCA. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 20(11), 1586-1599.

    50.Mattioda  A,  Mazzi A, Jr O, Scipioni A.(2015).” Determining the principal references of the social life cycleassessment of products” Int J Life Cycle Assess (2015) 20:1155–1165

    51.Mousavi, S.Doratli, N.Mosavi, N. Moradiahari, F.(2016).” Defining Cultural Tourism”. International Conference on Civil, Architecture and Sustainable Development (CASD-2016) Dec. 1-2.pp70-76

    1. Neto, F. (2003, August). A new approach to sustainable tourism development: Moving beyond environmental protection. In Natural resources forum (Vol. 27, No. 3, pp. 212-222). Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    2. Neugebauer, S., Traverso, M., Scheumann, R., Chang, Y. J., Wolf, K., & Finkbeiner, M. (2014). Impact pathways to address social well-being and social justice in SLCA—fair wage and level of education. Sustainability, 6(8), 4839-4857.

    54.Norris G.(2011).” Progress in Life Cycle Attribute Assessment (LCAA)” Harvard / U of Arkansas / New Earth.PP:1-8

    1. NSW. (2011).” Heritage Act 1977 No 136”.PP.1-107

    56.Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development( OECD);  (2009)The Impact of Culture; on Tourism.

    1. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2010). Guidance on sustainability impact assessment. OECD Publishing.
    2. Ouattara, W. (2010). Economic efficiency analysis in Cte dIvoire. Journal of Development and Agricultural Economics, 2(9), 316-325.
    3. Paragahawewa, U., Blackett, P., & Small, B. (2009). Social life cycle analysis (S-LCA): some methodological issues and potential application to cheese production in New Zealand. Report by Agresearch, 96.
    4. Parent, J., Cucuzzella, C., & Revéret, J. P. (2010). Impact assessment in SLCA: sorting the sLCIA methods according to their outcomes. The international journal of life cycle assessment, 15(2), 164-171.

    61.Pope, Jenifer Margaret (2007); Facing the Gorgon: Sustainability assessment and Policy Learning in Western Australia; A thesis Presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy; Institute for Sustainability and Technology Policy Murdoch University Western Australia. (accessed: 1, 2008). 

    62.Pope,J et al; 2004; Conceptualising Sustainability Assessment;   Environmental Impact Assessment Review 24 ; 595–616

    1. Rajawat, M. (2002). Burning Issues of Human Rights. Gyan Publishing House.

    64.Ramirez, Paola Karina Sanchez., Luigia, Petti. (2011),”SOCIAL LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT: METHODOLOGICAL AND IMPLEMENTATION ISSUES” ,The Annals of The "Ştefan cel Mare" University of Suceava. Fascicle of The Faculty of Economics and Public Administration. Vol. 11, No. 1(13),PP.11-17.

    65.Reitinger C, Dumke M, Barosevcic M, Hillerbrand R.(2011).” A conceptual framework for impact assessment within SLCA”. Int J Life Cycle Assess (2011) 16:380–388.

    1. Reitinger, C., Dumke, M., Barosevcic, M., & Hillerbrand, R. (2011). A conceptual framework for impact assessment within SLCA. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 16(4), 380-388.
    2. Rudan, E. (2010). THE DEVELOPMENT OF CULTURAL TOURISM IN SMALL HISTORICAL TOWNS¶. In Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality Management in Opatija. Biennial International Congress. Tourism & Hospitality Industry (p. 577). University of Rijeka, Faculty of Tourism & Hospitality Management.
    3. Russo, A., & Perrini, F. (2010). Investigating stakeholder theory and social capital: CSR in large firms and SMEs. Journal of Business ethics, 91(2), 207-221.
    4. Samson, A. (2008). Analysis of technical, allocative and economic efficiency of different pond systems in Ogun State, Nigeria. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 3(4), 246-254.
    5. Sanchez Ramirez, P. K., & Petti, L. (2011). Social life cycle assessment: methodological and implementation issues. The USV annals of economics and public administration, 11(1), 11-17.
    6. Sariisik, M., Turkay, O., & Akova, O. (2011). How to manage yacht tourism in Turkey: A swot analysis and related strategies. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 24, 1014-1025.
    7. Schwab, B., Kubler, D., & Walti, S. (2001, April). Metropolitan Governance and democracy in Switzerland. In Governance and Democratic Legitimacy. The 29th ECPR Joint Session of Workshops. Grenoble.

    73.Sousa-Zomer T, & Cauchick Miguel  P.( 2015). “The main challenges for social life cycle assessment (SLCA) to support the social impacts analysis of product-service systems”. Int J Life Cycle Assess. PP .1-10 Sustainability Assessment”.PP:1-71.

    1. UNEP (2005).” Life Cycle Approaches , The road Wu

    75.UNEP/SETAC(2009).”Guidelines for social life cycle assessment of products UNEP/SETAC Life Cycle Initiative, Paris.”

    1.  UNWTO (2016). Annual report, Word tourism organization .pp : 1-80.
    2.  Valdivia s., Lie Ugaya C. (2011). Social Life Cycle Assessment and Life Cycle
    3. Venditti A (2004). Life cycle analysis (LCA) and sustainability assessment .PP:1-62
    4.  Vong, F. (2016). Application of cultural tourist typology in a gaming destination Macao. Current Issues in Tourism, 19(9), 949-965.
    5. Zamfir, Andreeaand Corbos, Razvan-Andrei(2015); Towards Sustainable Tourism Development in Urban Areas:
    6. Zbuchea, A. (2012). Cultural interests while on holidays. An exploratory investigation. Journal of Tourism Challenges and Trends, 5(2), 53-70.
    7. Zomer T, Miguel P(2015). “The main challenges for social life cycle assessment (SLCA) to support the social impacts analysis of product-service systems”.PP 1-10     
Journal of Tourism Planning and Development
Volume 8, Issue 30
January 2020
Pages 141-169

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics