A Comprehensive Model for Sustainable Tourism Development of Islamic Republic of Iran

Document Type : Research Paper

Author

PhD In Tourism Management, Allameh Tabataba’i University

Abstract

By applying the grounded theory in the form of a model of causative factors, predisposing factors, intermediary factors, strategies and development implications, sustainable tourism has provided a general picture of sustainable development of tourism in Iran. The population were tourism plans, speeches of Supreme Leader of Iran and interview with experts. In this model, the Causative factors (environmental concerns, the importance of tourism development and geopolitics of Iran), Core factors (sustainability of tourism resources, research studies for the conservation of resources, and justice and fairness in using the resources), Context factors (cooperation and coherence of stakeholders, culture-making, training and research), intervening factors (sense of place, financial management, safety and security in tourism, modern science and technology and good governance in tourism), strategic factors (tourism policy and planning, marketing, environmental management, transportation management, tourism resources management, total quality management and evaluation and control) and consecutive factors (rich Islamic Iranian culture, preserving the resources, tourists satisfaction and quality and welfare of life) have been correlated in a comprehensive model. In the final analysis, to comprehend the theory, selective coding in the framework of five propositions has been proposed.

Keywords

References

 
Agyeiwaah, Elizabeth, McKercher, Bob and Suntikul, Wantanee. (2017). Identifying core indicators of sustainable tourism: A path forward?, Tourism Management Perspectives 24 (2017) 26–33.
Ahmad Fitri Amir, Mohd Noor Ismawi Ismail and Toh Poh See. (2015). Sustainable Tourist Environment: Perception of international women travelers on safety and security in Kuala Lumpur, Asia Pacific International Conference on Environment-Behaviour Studies, Sirius Business Park Berlin-yard field, Berlin, 24-26 February 2014.
Ali, Alisha  and  Frew, Andrew J. (2014). "ICT and sustainable tourism development: an innovative perspective", Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, Vol. 5 Issue: 1, pp.2-16.
Barton, Alan W. and. Leonard, Sarah J. (2010). Incorporating social justice in tourism planning: racial reconciliation and sustainable community development in the Deep South, Community Development, Vol. 41, No. 3, July–September 2010, 298–322.
Benedettoa, Graziella, Carbonib, Donatella, Corintoc and Gian Luigi. (2016). Governance of Sustainable Tourism in a Vast Area Surrounding a National Park, Procedia Environmental Sciences 32 (2016) 38 – 48.
Bhuiyan BA, Wahab AMHA (2018) .Sustainable Tourism Sector Development in Negara Brunei Darussalam: Application of Total Quality Management Approach as Strategic Option, Journal of Tourism & Hospitality, 2018, 7:3.
Bogdanov, N and zecvic,B. (2010). public-private Partnerships in the Development of Rural Tourism, (Part 2) in, Sustainable to Tourism for Rural Development, Publisher: The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Madrid, Spain.
Bramwell, B., Higham, J., Lane, B., & Miller, G. (2017). Twenty-five years of sustainabletourism and the Journal of Sustainable Tourism: looking back and moving forward.Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 251(1), 1–9.
Brendan, C., )2016(. Tourism Culture: Nexus, Characteristics, Context and Sustainability, Tourism Management, Vol. 53, PP. 229–243.
Castellani, V. & Sala, S. (2010). Sustainable performance index for tourism policy development, Tourism Management 31 (2010) 871–880.
Choi, H.C. & Sirakaya, E.) 2006).Sustainability Indicators for Managing Community Tourism, Journal of Tourism Management, Vol. 27, PP. 1274-1289.
Choi,S.H.)2003). Measurement of Sustainable Development progress for Managing Community Tourism, Dissertation for PHD Texas A&M University.
Díaz, Manuel Rodríguez and Rodríguez, Tomás F. Espino. (2016). Determining the Sustainability Factors and Performance of a Tourism Destination from the Stakeholders’ Perspective, Sustainability 2016, 8, 951.
Enemuo, Ogechi B & Oduntan Oyinkansola C. (2012). Social Impact Of Tourism Development On Host Communities Of Osun Oshogbo Sacred Grove, IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science (JHSS), Volume 2, Issue 6 (Sep-Oct. 2012), PP 30-35.
Farmaki, Anna , Altinay, Levent, Botterill ,David & Hilke, Sarina.( 2015). Politics and sustainable tourism: The case of Cyprus, Tourism Management 47 (2015) 178-190.
Fazenda, N., Da silva, F.N., & Costa,C. (2010). Douro Valley Tourism Plan; The plan as part of a sustainable tourist destination development process, Journal of World Hospitality and tourism. 2(4):428-440.
Garau-Vadell, Joan B., Gutierrez-Taño, Desiderio, Diaz-Armas, Ricardo. (2018). Economic crisis and residents’ perception of the impacts of tourism in mass tourism destinations, Journal of Destination Marketing & Management 7 (2018) 68–75.
Goeldner,C. R.,& Ritchie, J. B. (2009). Tourism Principles, Practices,Philosophies (11th Edition ed). Wiley, Hoboken,NJ.
Hall,Derek. (2017). Tourism and Geopolitics. CAB International 2017.
Hardy, A., Robert, J. Beeton, S. & Pearson, L. (2002).Sustainable Tourism: An Overview of the Concept and its Position in Relation to Conceptualization of Tourism, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, Volume 10, Issue 6, December, PP. 475-496.
Hea, Peng, Hea,Yong & Xub, Feifei. (2018). Evolutionary analysis of sustainable tourism, Annals of Tourism Research 69 (2018) 76–89.
Hernanz, Iris Martín and Gil, Fernando Martín. (2016). Heritage Interpretation And Sustainable Management Of Tourism In Rural Areas. The Cases Of Montejo De La Sierra And Patones, Boletín de la Asociación de Geógrafos Españoles N.º 72 - 2016, págs. 535-539.
Higgins-Desbiolles, Freya. (2018). Sustainable tourism: Sustaining tourism or something more?, Tourism Management Perspectives 25 (2018) 157–160.
Huili .H, Carol. K, Patrick. L&Gary. R. (2016). Property owners’ attitudes toward sustainable tourism: Comparing coastal and mountain counties. Tourism and Hospitality Research 0(0) 1–13.
Januszn ,Grabara K. &  Bajdor,Paula.(2013). Towards to Sustainable Tourism  Framework, Activities and Dimensions, Procedia Economics and Finance   6  ( 2013 )  523 – 529.
Kato, Kumi & Progano,Ricardo Nicolas. (2017). Spiritual (walking) tourism as a foundation for sustainable destination development: Kumano-kodo pilgrimage, Wakayama, Japan, Tourism Management Perspectives 24 (2017) 243–251.
Khuntia Nabanita and Mishra Jitendra Mohan. (2014). Economic and Environmental Aspects of Sustainable Tourism Development - A Conceptual Study, Atna, J Tour Stud, 9, 1 (2014), 15-28.
Kim, Dongwook and Kim, Sungbum. (2017). The Role of Mobile Technology in Tourism: Patents, Articles, News, and Mobile Tour App Reviews, Sustainability 2017, 9, 2082.
Ko,T. G. (2005). Development of a tourism sustainability assessment procedure: a conceptual approach. Tourism management. 26: 431-445. Available from: WWW.Sciencedirect.com.
Lane, Bernard. (2018). Will sustainable tourism research be sustainable in the future? An opinion piece, Tourism Management Perspectives 25 (2018) 161–164.
Lee, Tsung Hung and Hsieh Hsin-Pei. (2016). Indicators of sustainable tourism: A case study from a Taiwan’s wetland. Ecological Indicators 67 (2016) 779–787.
Lee, Tsung Hung. (2013). Influence analysis of community resident support for sustainable tourism development, Tourism Management 34 (2013) 37-46.
Ligay, Elena. (2011). An Assessment of ‘Governance’ for Sustainable Tourism Development: the case of North Cyprus, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Tourism and Hospitality Management.
Lin, Paulin Wong Poh and Kler, Balvinder Kaur. (2013). Understanding Sense of Place in Tourism Development: The Case of Tunku Abdul Rahman Park, Sabah, Engaging Communities in Sustainable Tourism Development, Conference: BEST EN Think Tank XIII.
Litman, T. and Burwell, D. (2006) .‘Issues in sustainable transportation’, Int. J. Global Environmental Issues, Vol. 6, No. 4, pp.331–347.
Liu, Jingjing, Nijkamp, Peter, Huang, Xuanxuan & Lin, Derong. (2017). Urban livability and tourism development in China: Analysis of sustainable development by means of spatial panel data, Habitat International 68 (2017) 99-107.
Malik, Mohammad Imran and Bhat, M. Sultan. (2015). Sustainability of tourism development in Kashmir — Is paradise lost?, Tourism Management Perspectives 16 (2015) 11–21.
Montasser Youssef and Al Manhawy, Abd Alhakim. (2013). TQM critical success factors in hospitality Industry and their impact on Customer Loyalty, a theoretical Model, International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 4, Issue 1, January 2013.
Nunkoo, Robin.(2017). Governance and sustainable tourism: What is the role of trust, power and social capital?, Journal of Destination Marketing & Management 6 (2017) 277–285.
Paul V. Mathew and Sreejesh S. (2017). Impact of responsible tourism on destination sustainability and quality of life of community in tourism destinations, Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management 31 (2017) 83-89.
Pulido-Fernández, Juan Ignacio & Merinero-Rodríguez, Rafael. (2018). Destinations' relational dynamic and tourism development, Journal of Destination Marketing & Management 7 (2018) 140–152.
Risteskia, M., Kocevskia, J. & Arnaudov, K. (2012). Spatial Planning and Sustainable Tourism as basis for Developing Competitive Tourist Destinations, Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 44, PP. 375-386.
Sangchumnong, Aunkrisa. (2018). Development of a sustainable tourist destination based on the creative economy: A case study of Klong Kone Mangrove Community, Thailand, Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences,1-8.
Sharpley, R. & Telfer, D. (2008). Tourism and Development in the Developing World, Routledge, New York.
Sutawa,Gusti Kade. (2012). Issues on Bali Tourism Development and Community Empowerment to Support Sustainable Tourism Development, Procedia Economics and Finance 4 (2012) 413 – 422.
Tazim Jamal & Blanca Alejandra Camargo (2013). Sustainable tourism,justice and an ethic of care: toward the Just Destination, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, Journal of Sustainable Tourism,2013.
Tohidy, Fateme. (2014). The Role of Human Resources Empowerment in the Sustainable Development of Tourism Industry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Wang, S., & Chen, J. S. (2015).The influence of place identity on perceived tourism impacts. Annals of Tourism Research, 52, 16-28
Weaver, David B. (2010). Geopolitical Dimensions of Sustainable Tourism, Tourism Recreation Research Vol. 35(1), 2010: 47–53.
White, V., McCrum,G., Blackstock,K,L., Scott,A (2006). Indicators and Sustainable Tourism:Literature Review. The Macaulay Institute.
Xu, Feifei, and Fox, Dorothy. (2014). Modelling attitudes to nature, tourism and sustainable development in national parks: A survey of visitors in China and the UK, Tourism Management 45 (2014) 142-158.
Yasarata Muhammet, Altinay, Levent , Burns, Peter & Okumus,Fevzi.(2010). Politics and sustainable tourism development – Can they co-exist? Voices from North Cyprus, Tourism Management 31 (2010) 345–356.
Yfantidou.G. Spyridopoulou.E, Kouthouris.Ch, Balaska.P, Matarazzo.M & Costa.G. (2016). the future of sustainable tourism development for the Greek enterprises that provide sport tourism. Tourism Economics, Vol. 23(5) 1155–1162.
 
Journal of Tourism Planning and Development
Volume 10, Issue 36
May 2021
Pages 288-316

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics