Designing a strategic resilience model for ecotourism businesses in Border areas

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 university of Tehran - faculty of entrepreneurship

2 entrepreneourship

3 management

10.22080/jtpd.2021.20426.3427

Abstract

Ecotourism is one of the sub-sectors of the tourism industry that has created many attractions in the use of space and features of the rural environment for tourists. Ecotourism has always been considered with various functions in promoting economic, socio-cultural and environmental indicators of the host region. Entrepreneurs need to identify the risks of the industry and improve their resilience in order to survive and thrive in complex economic conditions. The purpose of this study is to design a strategic resilience model for ecotourism businesses in border areas, which was done using the grounded theory method. The statistical population consisted of 18 key experts and informants who were purposefully selected. Data collection was performed using in-depth interviews and the extracted concepts were analyzed in three steps of open, axial and selective coding,. The results include entrepreneurial awareness, discovering and creating ecotourism opportunities, entrepreneurial mindset, strategic vision, creative and innovative atmosphere and social exchanges of the local community with strategies such as creating virtual networks to introduce ecotourism businesses, improve skills, branding, rebuild the business model and create a competitive advantage can be the sustainability, resilience and flexibility of ecotourism businesses, development of social activities, sustainable security in border areas

Keywords


 
Amini, Seyavash, hashemi, Saeed (2008): The role of entrepreneurship in the development of the tourism community, Journal of Work and Society, No. 106, 107, Tehran, pp 106- 95.
Annarelli, A., & Nonino, F. (2016). Strategic and operational management of organizational resilience: Current state of research and future directions. Omega, 62(3), 1-18.
Anup, C. Kedar, R. Ramesh, S, 2015, Role of ecotourism in environmental conservation and socioeconomic development in Annapurna conservation area, International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology, Vol 22, Issue 3, pp. 251-258.
Avey, J. B., Patera, J. L., & West, B. J. (2006). The implications of positive psychological capital on employee absenteeism. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 13(2), 42-60.
Brouse, Dianne (1992) "Socially Responsible Travel", Transitions Abroad: 23, January–February
Chewning, L. V.; Lai, C. H.; & Doerfel, M. L. (2013). Organizational resilience and using information and communication technologies to rebuild communication structures. Management Communication Quarterly, 27(2), 237–263.
Dahles, D., & Susilowati, T.P. (2015). Business Resilience In Times Of Growth And Crisis. Annals of Tourism Research, 51, 34-50.
De Galizia, A., Simon, C., Weber, P., Iung, B., Duval, C., & Serdet, E. (2016). Markers and patterns of organizational resilience for risk analysis. IFAC Papers On Line, 49(19), 432-437.
Eccles Gavin, Costa Jorge (1996), "Perspectives on Tourism Development", International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, Volume:8, Number:7
Emmons, C. B. (2013). Improving organizational performance: Building organizational resilience and sustainability through knowledge-sharing relationships, Doctoral dissertation, Walden University, USA.
Falasca, M., Zobel, C.W. & Cook, C., 2008. A Decision Support Framework to Assess Supply Chain Resilience. 5th International ISCRAM Conference. Washington D.C., USA.
Faraji Rad, Afsaneh, Ehsani (2011): Investigating the Effect of Local Residences on the Improvement of the Living Level of the Local Community (Emphasizing the Village of "Garma" and "Slope"), Geographical Quarterly of the Territory: Vol 8, No 30, Pp 63- 77.
Ferguson, C., Cohen, L., Pooley, J.-A., & Harms, C. (2010). Resilience In Small Business Owners. Unpublished Manuscript, Edith Cowan University. Perth, WA.
Franklin, Adrian (2003) "Tourism: An Introduction", London: Sage.
Gulati, R., 2010. Reorganize for Resilience: Putting Customers at the Center of Your Business Boston: Harvard Business Press.
Haring, L. S. & Claudio, M. (2014), Touring responsibility: The trouble with ‘going local’ in community-based tourism in Thailand, Geoforum, Volume 51, 96-106.
Hatton, T., Seville, E., & Vargo, J. (2012). Improving the resilience of SMEs: policy and practice in New Zealand. Christchurch, New Zealand: Asia Pacific Economic Co-operation (APEC.)
Hummel, J., Jong, H. d., & Dhiradityakul, K. (2013). Innovating CBT in ASEAN: Current Directions and New Horizons. Chiang Mai, Thailand: Thailand Community Based Tourism Institute.
Lee, T.H. and Liu, R.T. (2011). Strategy formulation for the recreational areas of Central Taiwan: An application of SWOT analysis Journal of Hospitality Management and Tourism, Vol. 2.
Lengnick-Hall, C. A., & Beck, T. E. (2009). Resilience capacity and strategic agility: prerequisites for thriving in a dynamic environment. UTSA, College of Business
Mallak, L. A. (1999). Toward a theory of organizational resilience. Dundar F. Kocaoglu (Ed.). Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology. Portland. 223-243.
Martic´, M. & Savic´, G. (2001). An application of DEA for comparative analysis & ranking of regions in Serbia with regards to social-economic development: European Journal of Operational Research, No.132, pp.343-356.
McManus, S. T. (2008). Organisational resilience in new zealand (Doctoral dissertation, University of Canterbury.)
Mcmanus, S., Seville, E., Brunsdon, D. & Vargo, J., 2007. Resilience Management: A framework for assessing and improving the resilience of organizations. New Zealand: Resilient Organisations
Mendonça, D., & Wallace, W. A. (2015). Factors underlying organizational resilience: The case of electric power restoration in New York City after 11 September 2001. Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 141(3), 83–91.
Murphy: E. (1985). Tourism: A community approach. London: Routledge.
Murphy, P. J. & Coombes, S. M. (2009). A model of social entrepreneurial discovery. Journal of Business Ethics, 87: 325–336.
Niebuhr, A. (2005). The Impact of EU Enlargement on European Border Regions. ERSA conference papers, European Regional Science Association.
Pal, R., Torstensson, H., & Mattila, H. (2014). Antecedents of organizational resilience in economic crises—an empirical study of Swedish textile and clothing SMEs. International Journal of Production Economics, 147, 410-428.
Peach, J. T. & Adkisson, R. V. (2000). NAFTA & Economic Activate Along the U.S – Mexico Border, Journal of Economic Issues, vol XXXTV, No 2.
Reed, M. G. (1997). Power relations and community-based tourism planning. Annals of Tourism Research, 24(3), 566-591.
Rey-Martí, A., Porcar, A. T., & Mas-Tur, A. (2015). Linking female entrepreneurs' motivation to business survival. Journal of Business Research, 68(4), 810-814
Roggio: (2011). Resilience And Small Business. Thesis, Edith Cowan University, 2-54.
Salehi, S. (2016). “Bvmgrdy development in the village of Janat Rudbar with an emphasis on the participation of local communities”. Administration of Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization of Mazandaran
Schwarz, I., & Mcrae-Williams: (2009). Water Reform And The Resilience Of Small Business People In Drought-Affected Agricultural Communities. Rural Society, 19(3), 199-210.
Sedra, M. (2016). Security sector reform in conflict-affected countries: The evolution of a model, Routledge.
Shalaby, M.Y., Al-Zahrani, K. H., Baig, M. B., Straquadine, G. S. & Aldosari, F. (2011). Threats & challenges to sustainable agriculture & rural development in Egypt: Implications for agricultural extension. The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 41(3): 211-221.
Steiner, A., & Cleary, J. (2014). What Are The Features Of Resilient Businesses? Exploring The Perception Of Rural Entrepreneurs. Journal Of Rural And Community Development, 9(3), 1-20.
Teh Lydia, Cabanban Annadel S (2007), "Planning for Sustainable tTourism in Southern Pulau Banggi: An assessment of Biophysical Conditions and their Implications for Future Tourism Development", Journal of Environmental Management, Volume 85, Issue 4, Pages 999-1008
Tompkins, J. A. (2007). 4 Steps To Business Resilience. Industrial Management, 49(4), 14- 18.
Weick, K.E. & Sutcliffe, K.M., 2007. Managing the Unexpected: Resilient Performance in an Age of Uncertainty, 2 ed. San Francisco, CA: Wiley and Sons
Woods, D. D. (2015). Four concepts for resilience and the implications for the future of resilience engineering. Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 141, 5-9. Doi: 10.1016/j.ress.2015.03.018.