Content analysis of primary school textbooks based on t the environmental components of tourism

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 M.A student in curriculum, university of mazandaran

2 faculty member, Department of Education, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.

3 Associate Professor, faculty member, department of education, university of Mazandaran, babolsar. Iran.

10.22080/jtpd.2022.23726.3708

Abstract

Context and Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the content of elementary school textbooks based on the attention to the environmental components of tourism. Design/methodology/approach: Quantitative research design and the method used is descriptive content analysis. The statistical population included all primary school textbooks in the academic year 2014-2016 and the statistical sample includes Persian (readable), Persian (written), experimental sciences, heavenly gifts, social studies, technology, thinking, and research. To collect data, a researcher-made checklist and environmental tourism indicators were used.
Findings: The finding showed that the highest importance coefficient was related to science books (0.402), social studies (0.318), Persian (0.138), mathematics (0.083), and heavenly gifts (0.056). Also, the environmental components of tourism have not been paid attention to in the books of thinking and research, and technology. The finding of the analysis showed that the problems of wastes with a frequency of 46 are in the first place, the problems of air quality with a frequency of 29 are in the second place, and the problems of wildlife with a frequency of 28 are in the third place.
Conclusion: Textbooks should emphasize the necessary training for environmental tourism education and its components; however, some textbooks have not paid much attention to some environmental components of tourism.
Originality/value: Introducing the concepts and components of environmental education and tourism in the content of the curriculum of the educational levels makes the students informed from the beginning; at the same time, it develops their personality to consider protection environment of tourism not only as a lesson but also as a duty and human responsibility.

Keywords

Main Subjects


 
Abedini, B. M., & Saffar Heidari, H. (2021). Investigating the degree of attention to the environmental crisis in the content of elementary school textbooks. Environmental Education and Sustainable Development, 9(4), 47-60. (In Persian)
Akbari Rad, T. (2013). The Role of Islamic Teaching on Reduction of Environmental Crises. Journal of Environmental Studies, 39(1), 73-80. doi: 10.22059/jes.2013.30391 (In Persian)
Alizadeh, K. (2013). The effects of the presence of tourists on the environmental resources of Targahba district in Mashhad city. Geographical research. 35(44). 55-70. (In Persian)
Azar, A. (2001). Development of Shannon entropy method for data processing in content analysis. Journal of Humanities of Al-Zahra University, 11(37-38), 1-18. (In Persian)
Azizi Shamami, M., & Hedayatian, S. (2018). Content analysis of primary course textbooks based on sustainable environment components. The fourth national conference of new approaches in education and research, Mahmoudabad. (In Persian)
Balsalobre-Lorente, D., Driha, O. M., Shahbaz, M., & Sinha, A. (2020). The effects of tourism and globalization over environmental degradation in developed countries. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(7), 7130-7144.
Belsoy, J. , Korir, J. , and Yego, J. (2012). Environmental impacts of tourism in protected areas. Journal of Environment & Earth Science, 2 10), 64–73.
Canteiro, M., Córdova-Tapia, F., & Brazeiro, A. (2018). Tourism impact assessment: A tool to evaluate the environmental impacts of touristic activities in Natural Protected Areas. Tourism Management Perspectives, 28, 220-227.
Chang, K. G., Chien, H., Cheng, H., & Chen, H. I. (2018). The impacts of tourism development in rural indigenous destinations: An investigation of the local residents’ perception using Choice Modeling. Sustainability, 10(12), 4766.
Erdogan, M. (2009). Components of Environmental Literacy in Elementary Science Education Curriculum in Bulgaria and Turkey. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education. 5(1):15-26
Fazeli, F., & Mahdavi Ikdelu, F. (2019). Studying the status of the existing environmental content of sciences textbooks in the general education course. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 21(1), 227-243. doi: 10.22034/jest.2018.13792 (In Persian)
Fu, H., & Liu, X. (2017). A Study on the Impact of Environmental Education on Individuals’ Behaviors Concerning Recycled Water Reuse. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education 13(10):6615-6624
Gharakhlou, M, Ramezanzadeh lasbouei, M, & Galian sharifdini, J. (2009). environmental tourism impact on coast ramsar city. journal of human geography, 1(3), 1-12. (In Persian)
Ghazaavee, M., Leeyaaghatdaar, M.J., Aaabedee, A., & Esmaaeelee, M.. (2011). environmental issues as addressed by primary school textbooks in iran. new thoughts on education, 6(4), 123-151. (In Persian)
GhulamRabbany, M., Afrin, S., Rahman, A., Islam, F., & Hoque, F. (2013). Environmental effects of tourism. American Journal of Environment, Energy and Power Research, 1(7):117-130.
Gusman, I., Chamusca, P., Fernandes, J., & Pinto, J. (2019). Culture and tourism in Porto City Centre: Conflicts and (Im) possible solutions. Sustainability, 11(20), 5701.
Hall, C. M. (2010). Tourism and the implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 5(4), 267-284.
Huang, Z.L., & Xiao, Q.M. (2010). Impacts of tourist activity on vegetation in Dinghu Mountain Biosphere Reserve. Geographical Research, 29(6): 1005–1016.
Ibanescu ., B ., (2018). The Impact of Tourism on Sustainable Development of Rural Areas: Evidence from Romania. Sustainability, 10, 3529; doi:10.3390/su10103529
Jin, X.L., Lu, L., Gong, G. & Wang, L. L. (2011). Effects of tourism activities on soil macrofauna community in Mount Jiuhua scenic area. Geographical Research, 30(1): 103-114
Khamushi bidgoli, S., & Mazaheri, H. (2020). The Environmental Indicators in the Content of Elementary School Textbooks. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 14(55), 177-200. (In Persian)
Kongbuamai, N., Bui, Q., Yousaf, H. M. A. U., & Liu, Y. (2020). The impact of tourism and natural resources on the ecological footprint: a case study of ASEAN countries. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(16), 19251-19264.
Mahdavi Ikdelu, F. (2012). Examining the status of existing and required environmental content in experimental science textbooks for first to ninth grades in Iran, master's thesis on marine biology, Shahid Rajaee University. (In Persian)
Mashallahinejad, Z., Jafarisani, H., Mahram, B., Saeedy rezvani, M., & Jalayeri laeen, S. (2019). The content analysis of elementary science curriculum from the point of view of environmental components. Research in Curriculum Planning, 16(63), 122-138. doi: 10.30486/jsre.2019.550328. (In Persian)
Mehdipour, R., Salehi, O. E., Salehi, S., & Abedini, B. M. (2019). Analysis of content of 6th grade elementary textbooks based on the components of tourism education. Journal of Tourism Planning and Development, 8(29), 1-19. (In Persian)
Naidoo, R., & Burton, A. C. (2020). Relative effects of recreational activities on a temperate terrestrial wildlife assemblage. Conservation Science and Practice, 2(10), e271.
Naseem,S (2021). The Role of Tourism in Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from Saudi Arabia. Economies, 9(3), 117; https://doi.org/10.3390/economies9030117
Omri. A & Mohamed Shahbaz & Anissa Chaibi & Christophe Rault. (2015). A panel analysis of the effects of oil consumption, international tourism, environmental quality and political instability on economic growth in MENA region," Working Papers 2015-613, Department of Research, Ipag Business School.
Rezaei, M., & Shobeiri, S. M. (2017). The Effect of Social Networks Usage on the Promotion of Pro-environmental behavior in Tourism (Case Study: Telegram Social Network). Journal of Tourism Planning and Development, 6(21), 28-53. doi: 10.22080/jtpd.2017.1527 (In Persian)
Salehi, O. E., & Abedini, B. M. (2021). Tourism Status in Elementary School Textbooks. Social Studies in Tourism, 9(18), 29-52. (In Persian)
Salehi, O. E., Parhizkar, L., & Hatamifar, K. (2017). Investigating the position of main components of environment teaching in the text books of the sixth-grade schools in Iran. Environmental Education and Sustainable Development, 5(2), 89-99. (In Persian)
salehi, S., fatahi, N., hemati, Z., & habibi, S. (2013). Coastal Tourists and Environmental Protection (Case Study: Coastal Tourists in Province of Mazandaran). Journal of Tourism Planning and Development, 2(4), 107-122. (In Persian)
Shakri, R. (2014). Studying and compiling a guide for evaluating the environmental consequences of tourism development plans. (Master's thesis). Tehran: Tarbiat Modares University. (In Persian)
Sharma, R & Rao., P. (2019). Relevance of Impact Studies on the Environmental Impacts of Tourism and Sustainability: A Review and Analysis. Environmental Impacts of Tourism in Developing Nations. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-5843-9.ch001.
Stainton, H. (2020). Environmental impacts of tourism. Tourism Teacher. https://tourismteacher.com/environmental-impacts-of-tourism/.
Sundriyal, S., Shridhar, V., Madhwal, S., Pandey, K., & Sharma, V. (2018). Impacts of tourism development on the physical environment of Mussoorie, a hill station in the lower Himalayan range of India. Journal of Mountain Science, 15(10), 2276-2291.
Tsai, F. M., Bui, T. D., Tseng, M. L., Lim, M. K., & Tan, R. R. (2021). Sustainable solid-waste management in coastal and marine tourism cities in Vietnam: A hierarchical-level approach. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 168, 105266.
Van der Duim, R., & Caalders, J. (2002). Biodiversity and tourism: Impacts and interventions. Annals of tourism research, 29(3), 743-761.
Zhang, N.N., He, Y.Q. & Wang, C.F. (2011). Effect of developing tourism on chemical characteristic of precipitation: Taking Lijiang for example. Environmental Science, 32(2): 330–337.