Pathology and Evaluation of the Distribution of Primary and Secondary Tourism Infrastructure in the City of Urmia

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Urbanism, Faculty of Architectural Engineering and Urbanism, Tabriz Islamic Art University, Tabriz, Iran.

2 PhD student in Islamic Urbanism, Department of Urbanism, Faculty of Architectural Engineering and Urbanism, Tabriz Islamic Art University, Tabriz, Iran.

3 Associate Professor, Department of Urbanism, Faculty of Architectural Engineering and Urbanism, Tabriz Islamic Art University, Tabriz, Iran.

Abstract

Context and Purpose: The expansion of tourism has emerged as a central element in the planning strategies of numerous countries, largely fueled by improvements in infrastructure. A well-developed infrastructure attracts investors and stimulates additional investments in the tourism sector. This study seeks to evaluate the spatial distribution of tourism infrastructure in Urmia and to propose enhancement solutions, while also investigating the role and classifications of infrastructure within the tourism landscape.
Design/methodology/approach: The research employs a mixed-methods approach that incorporates a deductive strategy alongside quantitative techniques. It utilizes field surveys and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) tools. Questionnaires were distributed to urban specialists, encompassing both theoretical experts and practical professionals from various sectors, including cultural heritage, tourism, handicrafts, airlines, and engineering. The study culminates in the development of a conceptual model.
Findings: This model identifies eleven types of tourism infrastructure, divided into primary and secondary categories. Primary infrastructures include access to intercity and intracity transportation, accommodation facilities, medical centers, and petrol stations. Secondary infrastructures consist of the proximity to dining establishments, religious sites, shopping centers, travel service offices, administrative and security facilities, as well as public parks or green spaces.
Conclusion: Urmia's tourism infrastructure presently falls short, showcasing a pattern of neglect and decay. The city grapples with challenges such as an uneven distribution of facilities, inadequate connectivity, and a centralization of services. Proposed solutions include the development of dedicated walking trails, the establishment of affordable accommodations, and the use of digital marketing strategies. Implementing these measures could enhance Urmia's tourism infrastructure and serve as a blueprint for other cities facing similar issues. Ultimately, these findings underscore the necessity for practical solutions to foster sustainable tourism development.
Originality/value: This study differentiates between primary and secondary infrastructure, deepening our understanding of their respective roles in tourism development. It presents an innovative spatial analysis framework that addresses spatial disparities and informs targeted strategies. Recommendations such as the introduction of walking paths and digital advertising can significantly enhance the tourist experience in Urmia. Additionally, the conceptual model serves as a valuable guide for other cities, equipping urban planners and policymakers to more effectively assess and develop tourism infrastructure. Overall, the study’s pioneering approach to spatial analysis offers a replicable model for future research endeavors.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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Journal of Tourism Planning and Development
Volume 14, Issue 53
June 2025
Pages 165-195

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