Identifying the Challenges in Applying Intellectual Property Rights in the Tourism Industry

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Science and Technology Policy, Department of Industrial Management, Faculty of Economic and Administrative Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Mazandaran,

2 Department of Industrial Management, Faculty of Economic and Administrative Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Mazandaran

Abstract

Context and Purpose: Supporting the tourism industry through intellectual property rights is becoming established in the country, and using its examples to increase productivity and business prosperity in this industry has become increasingly common. However, its implementation in this industry in our country has always faced obstacles. Given the research gap in this regard, the present study examines the challenges of intellectual property rights in the tourism industry.
Design/methodology/approach: The required data for this research was collected qualitatively through interviews with Experts and professors in the fields of intellectual property, cultural heritage, and tourism. It is worth mentioning that the research sampling method was snowball sampling, and ultimately, the results obtained from 18 interviews were analyzed through content analysis using MAXQDA software.
Findings: The challenges in implementing intellectual property rights in the tourism industry that were identified in this study include: issues related to the cultural structure, legal system, judicial system, executive structure and characteristics of implementers, formulated policies, and the resources and executive tools of institutions.
Conclusion: Based on the research findings, if the identified challenges are not addressed, there will be no foundation for implementing a legal support system in the tourism industry; thus, it is necessary for tourism industry policymakers to identify these challenges and provide appropriate solutions to create the necessary framework for supporting the tourism industry.
Originality/value: This research is innovative in that it examines the challenges and presents existing tools for implementing intellectual property rights in the tourism industry, which have not been in previous studies. The findings of this research contribute to developing the current body of knowledge by highlighting the necessity of implementing legal protections in the tourism industry.

Keywords

Main Subjects


Al-Romeedy, B. S. (2024). Leveraging Intellectual Property for Destination Branding and Marketing in the Tourism Sector. In Navigating Intellectual Property Challenges in Tourism (pp. 135-162). IGI Global. DOI:10.4018/979-8-3693-4171-1.ch006
Anandraj, KC., & Aravind, D. S. (2024). The Role of Collaborative Institutes in India in Preserving Indigenous and Environmental Knowledge. Available at SSRN 5068365. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5068365
Cardoso, V. A., Lourenzani, A. E., Caldas, M. M., Bernardo, C. H., & Bernardo, R. (2022). The benefits and barriers of geographical indications to producers: A review. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems, 37(6), 707-719. https://doi.org/10.1017/s174217052200031x
Cei, L., Defrancesco, E., & Stefani, G. (2018). From geographical indications to rural development: A review of the economic effects of European Union policy. Sustainability, 10(10), 3745-3760‏. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103745 
Cheraghchi, Susan. (1403). Investigating the necessity of policy and law for the protection of Iran's intangible cultural heritage and presenting policy suggestions. Monthly Journal of Expert Reports of the Research Center of the Islamic Consultative Assembly, 32(10), doi: 10.22034/report.mrc.2025.1403.32.10.20351. (In Persian)
Dar, M. A., & Ojha, M. (2023). Destination imaging, compatibilities with intellectual property rights‐based tourism industry. The Journal of World Intellectual Property, 26(2), 328-335. https://doi.org/10.1111/jwip.12268Citations
Das, D., &Dileep, M. R. (2023). Geographical Indication and Tourism: A Study on the Awareness, Factors Influence, and the Scope of GI Tagging in Kerala as a Rural Tourism Development Tool. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Systems, 16(4).25-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2017.12.146
de Werra, M. J. (2016), “A closer look at specialized intellectual property courts”, Wipo Magazine. Available at: https://www.wipo.int/wipo_magazine/en/2019/03/article_0005.html 
Enoch, O. (2024). Legal Protection of Traditional Knowledge in Uganda: Development, Problems and Perspectives. International Journal of Language, Literature and Culture,4(3),1-10. https://doi.org/10.22161/ijllc.4.3.1
Gazizova, A. S. (2020). Protection of Traditional Knowledge: The Work and The Role of International Organisations and Conferences. International Journal of Higher Education, 9(8), 95-99. https://doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v9n8p95
Gurgula, O., Padamczyk, M., & Shemtov, N. (2022). Specialised IP Judiciary: What Are the Key Elements to Consider when Establishing or Reforming an Effective IP Court?. GRUR International, 71(3),206-212. https://doi.org/10.1093/grurint/ikab172
Ghamsarian, H., & Esai Tafreshi, M. (2021). Protection of Handicrafts in the Iranian Intellectual Property Rights System; Considering the Provisions of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights of the World Trade Organization (TRIPS). Comparative Law Research, 25(2), 107-133.
Ghorbani Siavoshani, E., Davari, A., Faghihi, M., ZandHessami, H., & FathiZadeh, A. (2019). Identifying the Effective Factors of industrial property protection aimed at developing entrepreneurship. Journal of Technology Development Management, 7(1), 37-63. 10.22104/jtdm.2019.3196.2107 . (In Persian)
-Habibi, Behnam. (2016). Challenges of legal protection of popular culture manifestations in Iran and its solutions. Bi-Quarterly Journal of Administrative Law, 3(11), 61-75. (In Persian)
Hajarian, A. (2022). Analysis of Themes Affecting Sustainable Rural Tourism in Rural Areas of Isfahan Province. Tourism Management Studies, 17(59), 115-151. https://doi.org/10.22054/tms.2022.68582.2730
Halder, R., & Ghosh, K. (2024). Preserving Life and Heritage: The Role of Geographical Indications (GI) in Biodiversity Conservation with Special Reference to Endangered Species. uttar pradesh journal of zolloogy, 45(18), 148-160. https://doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i184433
Hamidian, H., & Borzoi, A. (2022). Analysis and study of the impact of the legal structure of "geographical indications" on the development of handicrafts and rural tourism. Development Strategy Quarterly, 18(2), 151-182. (In Persian).
Handique, P., & Dubey, A. (2022). Legal Mechanisms for Protecting Indigenous Knowledge. Interdisciplinary Studies in Society, Law, and Politics, 1(1), 4-13. https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.isslp.1.1.2
Hoang, G., Le, H. T. T., Nguyen, A. H., & Dao, Q. M. T. (2020). The impact of geographical indications on sustainable rural development: A case study of the Vietnamese Cao Phong orange. Sustainability, 12(11),1-13. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12114711
Hossain, K., &Ballardini, R. M. (2021). Protecting indigenous traditional knowledge through a holistic principle-based approach. Nordic Journal of Human Rights, 39(1), 51-72.‏ https://doi.org/10.1080/18918131.2021.1947449
Hosseini khoo ,T. (2016). The Impact of Intellectual Property Rights on the Tourism Industry. (Master's Thesis). Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Qom. (In Persian).
Ibe, Ikenna U., and Chukwubuikem I. Obianyo. (2023)."Traditional Knowledge, Traditional Cultural Expression and Intellectual Property in Nigeria." De Juriscope Law Journal 1(2),124-140. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781785368486.00009
Irfan Manesh, M. (2018). Support for herbal medicines in traditional medicine in the framework of intellectual property rights laws and special regime: Providing a suitable model. (Master's thesis). Allameh Tabatabaei Faculty of Law and Political Science, Tehran. (In Persian)
Jin, Y. (2024). Intellectual Property Protection of Traditional Handicrafts: Practical Foundations and Future Perspectives. Journal of Education Humanities and Social Sciences, 42(1),1023-1028. DOI:10.54097/x9dhce65
Khatti, H. (2018). Intellectual Property Rights and Tourism Industry,Opportunities and Gaps. (Master's Thesis). Allameh Tabatabaei, Tehran. (In Persian)
Khedmatgazar, M. (2018). Pathology of Iran's Legislative Policies in Supporting Popular Culture. Quarterly Scientific Research Journal of Administrative Law, 5(14), 141-160. (In Persian)
Kumar, P., Kashyap, P. (2024). The role of government in rotection of traditional knowledge. Journal of Law,5(1),23-28 https://doi.org/10.29103/micolls.v2i.123
Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic Inquiry. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
Long, T. V., & Thanh, H. P. (2023). Mediating impact of the protection and exploitation of intellectual property rights of local intellectual property on tourism development: An empirical study in Central Vietnam. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 21(2), 767-780. https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.21(2).2023.68
Mahdian Moghadam, M., & Fathi,Badie. (2024). Judicial specialization in intellectual property; cases, needs and advantages. Judiciary Quarterly, 24(117),16-36. https://doi.org/10.22034/judg.2024.2040370.1331 (in persian)
Mashayekh, J. (2019). Policy Recommendations for Promoting Intellectual Property System in Iran. Science and Technology Policy Letters, 9(2), 15-30. 20.1001.1.24767220.1398.09.2.2.8 (in persian)
Mohseni, H. (2024). Jurisdiction, Procedure and Claims of Special Intellectual Property Tribunal. Research and development in private law, 1(1), 410-438. 10.22034/jpl.2024.718561 (in persian)
Mwenegoha,T. (2019). Intellectual Property Protection of Traditional Knowledge and Cultural Expressions in Tanzania: Regulating and Protecting Traditional Knowledge. The Eastern African Law Review, 46(2).82-108. https://doi.org/10.56279/ealr.v46i2.3
Nizam al-Malki, J. (2022). Evaluation and feasibility study for handling industrial property rights claims and complaints according to Iranian law. Justice Legal Journal, 86(118), 339-368. https://doi.org/10.22106/jlj.2021.530991.4193)in persian)
Oguamanam, C. (2023). A critical examination of the African legal framework for indigenous knowledge. Journal of African Law, 67(1), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021855323000049
Punchihewa, N. S. (2020). Branding of tourism-related products and services for a competitive advantage in Sri Lanka. An intellectual property perspective. South Asian Journal of Tourism and Hospitality,1(1),138-157. https://doi.org/10.4038/sajth.v1i1.31
Riza, A., & Prahara, S. (2023). Government Readiness in Protecting Cultural Art and Traditional Knowledge in Indonesia. In fourth Asia-Pacific Research in Social Sciences and Humanities, Arts and Humanities Stream, 239-249. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-38476-058-9_19
Shafia, Saeed. (1402). Strategic report on the status of handicrafts and its pathology. (19248). Monthly Journal of Expert Reports of the Research Center of the Islamic Consultative Assembly, 31(6), 19248. (In Persian(
Shakeri, Z., & Jafarpour, Y. (2020). Challenges of Intellectual Property Law to Protect of Artworks in Contemporary Museums. Culture-Communication Studies,261-283. 10.22083/jccs.2019.153831.2602. (in persian)
Sukardi, D. H., Sunaryo, S., Putri, R.W., &Kasmawati, K. (2024). Indonesian Legal Protection of Traditional Knowledge as Community Identity. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding,11(5),303-309. https://doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v11i5.5687
Susanti, D. I., Susrijani, R., & Sudhiarsa, R. I. M. (2019). Traditional cultural expressions and intellectual property rights in Indonesia. Yuridika, 35(2),257-276. https://doi.org/10.20473/ydk.v35i2.15745
Tavassoli Naini, M., Allahvakil, N., & Mazaheri, R. (2020). Preparing mechanisms to support traditional Iranian knowledge by utilizing the experiences of India. Quarterly Journal of Comparative Law. 8(1). 59-86. https://doi.org/10.22096/law.2020.109734.1473.(In Persian).
Thumm, N., Blind, K., & Stolz, C .(2024).Models of Intellectual Property Governance and Administration. World Intellectual Property Organization, No. 2009EN/24,3-50. DOI:10.34667/tind.49741
Tolera, K. D. (2023). Protection of Indigenous Cultural Expression Under Ethiopia Legal Regime: Analysis of the Current Existing Law. International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research (IJFMR), 5(5), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2023.v05i05.6679
Vecchio, Y., Iddrisu, A.-L., Adinolfi, F., & De Rosa, M. (2020). Geographical Indication to Build up Resilient Rural Economies: A Case Study from Ghana. Sustainability, 12(5), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12052052
Wu, L. (2024). The Current status, challenges, and protection strategies of geographical indications for agricultural products in China. World Journal of Sociology and Law,2(2), 47-51. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14010113
Xu, J., Yang, M., Hou, C., Lu, Z., & Liu, D. (2021). Distribution of rural tourism development in geographical space: a case study of 323 traditional villages in Shaanxi, China. European Journal of Remote Sensing, 54(sup2), 318-333. https://doi.org/10.1080/22797254.2020.1788993
Zahedi, M., & Erfanmanesh, M. H. (2019). Role of Disclosure Requirements in Providing Effective Protection of Traditional Knowledge and Medicine. Private Law Research, 7(25), 117-144. https://doi.org/10.22054/jplr.2018.22883.1588. (In Persian).
Zahedi, M., & Mohammadi, O. (2015). The Role of Intellectual Property Rights in Supporting the Tourism Industry. Private Law Research Quarterly, 4(13), 87-118. https://doi.org/10.22054/jplr.2016.2017.(In Persian).