تحلیل کیفی عوامل موثر بر توسعه گردشگری عشایری (مورد مطالعه عشایر شاهسون)

نوع مقاله : علمی-پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

2 گروه مدیریت جهانگردی، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی

3 استاد دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی

4 استادیار گروه جغرافیای انسانی دانشگاه خوارزمی

10.22080/jtpd.2022.21910.3578

چکیده

معیشت عشایری امروزه با چالش‌های جدی همراه شده است. سیاست‌گذاری‌های غلط در رابطه با جامعه عشایری، باعث شده است، تعداد جمعیت عشایر کوچنده نسبت به گذشته کمتر شده و عشایر به یکجانشینی سوق داده می‌شوند. این در حالی است که جامعه عشایری ایران از پتانسیل‌های بالایی برای جذب گردشگر برخوردار است که عواید حاصله از آن می‌تواند بعنوان یک گزینه معیشتی مکمل برای عشایر مطرح باشد. استفاده از قابلیت‌های گردشگری، نیازمند سیاست‌گذاری و شناخت عوامل تاثیرگذار بر توسعه گردشگری عشایری است. بر این اساس، هدف این پژوهش شناسایی عوامل تاثیرگذار بر توسعه گردشگری عشایری بعنوان مکمل معیشت عشایری است. این تحقیق از نوع پژوهش‌های کیفی بوده و با استفاده از تحلیل محتوای مصاحبه‌های نیمه ساختاریافته با خبرگان انجام یافته است. از تحلیل تماتیک برای استخراج مفاهیم پنهان مرتبط با عوامل تاثیرگذار بر گردشگری عشایری استفاده و در قالب دو دسته عوامل ایجابی و سلبی طبقه‌بندی شدند. عوامل ایجابی که دارای تاثیر مثبت بر توسعه گردشگری عشایری است شامل: سرمایه اجتماعی، کنشگری دولت، توان محیطی، سرمایه فرهنگی و نمادین، توان اقتصادی، امکانات و زیرساخت‌ها و توانمندسازی جامعه عشایری است. همچنین عوامل سلبی توسعه گردشگری عشایری شامل موانع فرهنگی، موانع اجتماعی، موانع زیست محیطی، موانع شناختی-دانشی و بی‌توجهی به عشایر بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


 
 
Abdollahi, M. Nomadic settlement and their social development in Iran (Case study of Ali Nazar clan in Ilam province), Journal of Social Science, 32, pp. 19-53. (In Persian).
Abedi Sarvestani, A. Investigating Outdate Spring Migration among Nomads of Fars Province, Journal of Geographical Researches, 115(4), pp. 27-42. (In Persian).
Abou – Shouk, M, A. Mannaa, M, T. Elbaz, A, M. (2021). Women’s empowerment and tourism development: A cross-country study, Journal of Tourism Management Perspectives, 37: 1-11.
Akbari, A., Mizban, M. (2005). An Introduction to Recognizing the Characteristics of the Population and Nomadic Communities of Iran, Journals of National Studies, 5(1), pp. 9-42. (In Persian).

Akbarian Ronizi, S. R. (2016). Assessment of tourism sustainability in tourism target villages (Case study: Sepidan County), Journal of Rural Research, 7 (1), pp. 167-193.

Altinay, L., and Paraskevas, A.(2008). Planning research in hospitality and tourism. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
Amanollahi, B. S. (2005). The decline of Nomadism in Iran: the Coexistence of Tribes and Nomads, Journals of National Studies, 5(1), pp. 183-155. (In Persian).
Butler, R. Hinch, T. (2007). Tourism and Indigenous Peoples: Issues and Implications, Published by Elsevier Ltd. London, Great Britain.
Charron, N. Rothstein, B. (2016). Does education lead to higher generalized trust? The importance of quality of government, International Journal of Educational Development, 50: 59-73.
Danaee Fard, H. Emami, S. M. (2007). Qualitative research strategies, reflection on data-based Grounded Theory, Journal of Strategic Thoughts, 1 (2), pp. 69-97.
Dogra, R. Gupta, A. (2012). Barriers to Community Participation in Tourism Development: Empirical Evidence from a Rural Destination, South Asian Journal of Tourism and Heritage, 5(1): 129-142.
Dwyer, Larry; Gill, Alison; & Seetaram, Neelu. (2012). Handbook of Research Methods in Tourism: Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches. Published by Edward Elgar.

Jomehpor, M. (2017). The Relationship between the Government and the Rural Community in the Age of Modernization; A Review of Development Policy of the Rural Community in Iran, Journal of Social Science, 23 (75), pp. 37-69. (In Persian).

Hosainzadeh, A. H. Idar, N. Saki, M. (2011). Sustainable development of nomads, Journal of Tribes Nomads, 1 (1), pp. 53-86. (In Persian).
IpKin Anthony Wong, I. A. Junhua Mac, J Xiling Xionga (2020) Touristic experience at a nomadic sporting event: Craving cultural connection, sacredness, authenticity, and nostalgia, Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management 44 (2020) 70–78.
Karimzadeh, H. Ghanbari, A. Hasemi Amin. S. Investigating the effect of dimensions of pleasure on tourism behavioral intention in rural and nomadic areas in Kaleybar city, Journal of Tourism Planning and Development, 10 (36): 73-97. (In Persian).
Knight, D, W. Cottrell, S, P. (2016). Evaluating tourism-linked empowerment in Cuzco, Peru, Annals of Tourism Research, 56: 32-47.
Lee, C. Hallak, R. (2020). Investigating the effects of offline and online social capital on tourism SME performance: A mixed-methods study of New Zealand entrepreneurs, Journal of Tourism Management, 80: 1-14.
Lisa Lindawati, L. Damayanti, A. Dinda Hermiranti Putri, D. (2021) The Potential of Community-Based Nomadic Tourism Development: Insight from Three Case Study in Yogyakarta, Journal Pemberdayaan Masyarakat: Media Pemikiran dan Dakwah Pembangunan, 5 (1): 139-168, doi: 10.14421/jpm.2021.051-06.
Miniesy, R. S. AbdelKarim, M (2021). Generalized Trust and Economic Growth: The Nexus in MENA Countries, Journal of Economies. , 39: 1-22.
Mahadewi, N. (2019). Nomadic Tourism, Education Tourism, Digital Tourism and Event Tourism for Sustainable Tourism, Journal of Adv. Research in Dynamical & Control Systems, 11 (11): 360-367.
Papoli Yazdi, M. H. Saghaee, M, (2014). Tourism Nature and Concepts, Samt, Tehran.
Putnam, R. (2002). Democracy in Flux: Social Capital in Contemporary societies. New York: Oxford University Press.
Quaglione, D. Crociata, A. Agovino, M. Iaia, L. (2020). Cultural capital and online purchase of tourism services, Annals of Tourism Research, 80: 1-11.
Roknedin Eftekhari, A. Pour Taheri, M. Aqa Mohammadi, M. (2011). The role of tourism sample areas in the development of nomadic areas (Case study: Alvand tourism sample area of Hamadan city), Journal of Tourism and Development, 1 (1), pp. 59-75. (In Persian).
Rafi Far, J. Qorbani Righ, R. (2007). Cultural changes from migration to settlement (a case study of tribalism over three generations), Journal of Social Science, 31, pp. 57-82. (In Persian).
Safi Nezhad, J. (2005). The social structure of Iranian nomads, Journals of National Studies, 5(1), pp. 31-79. (In Persian).
Seidayi, S. E. (2010). The vision of the nomadic community of Iran in the next 20 years, Journal of Applied researches in Geographical Sciences, 12. pp. 147-166. (In Persian).
Tabibi, H. (2016). Fundamentals of Sociology and Anthropology of Tribes and Nomads, Samt, Tehran. (In Persian).

Tahmasbi, S. Badri, S. A. Rezvani, M. R. (2016). The Trend of Residential-Livelihood Changes in Nomadic Ecosystems with Environmental Sustainability Approach (Case Study: Farsimadan Tribe Ecosystem, Fars Province), Journals of Geography and Sustainability of Environment, 5 (4): 65-86. (In Persian).

Ryan, C. Trauer, B. (2005). Visitor experiences of indigenous tourism – introduction. In Indigenous Tourism. The Commodification and Management of Culture. Oxford Elsevier Press.
Saunders, M. Lewis, P. & Thornhill, A. (2019). Research Methods for Business students (5th ed.). Edinburgh Gate: Pearson Education Limited.
Schatz, m. c. s. (2004). Social Tolerance and Social Civility: Key Elements for Transitioning Democratic Countries, Journal of Comparative Social Welfare, 1: 23-3.
Tahmasebi, A. (2012). Pastoralism under Pressure: Vulnerability of Pastoral Nomads to Multiple Socio-political and Climate Stresses – The Shahsevan of Northwest Iran Dissertation, zur, Erlangung des Doktorgrades (Dr. rer. nat.) der, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät Der, Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn.
Tillotson, M, D. (2013). Indigenous Capitalism through Tourism?: A Case Study of Economic Development in Native Southeast Alaska, A thesis Submitted in Partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of, Master of Marine Affairs, University of Washington .
Verma, S. Murdia, M. (2017). Highlighting Tribal Tourism Potentials of Southern Rajasthan, International Journal of Management & Social Sciences 6(1): 384-390.
Yang, L. Wall, G. (2009). Ethnic tourism: A framework and an application, Journal of Tourism Management 30: 559–570.
Zhao, W. Charlotte, M. (2011). Social capital and tourism entrepreneurship, Annals of Tourism Research, 38 (4): 70-93
Zhuang, L. Taylor, T. Beirman, D. Darcy, S. (2017). Socially sustainable ethnic tourism: a comparative study of two Hakka communities in China. Journal of Tourism Recreation Research, 42 (4): 467-483.
Zia Tavana, M. H. Tavakkoli, J. (2007). Nomadic settlement and rangeland destruction in Chahar Mahal Bakhtiari: A case study of Sharmak, Chelgard and Lashtar nomadic settlements, Journal of Rural and Development, 10 (2), pp. 32-64. (In Persian).
Ziaee, M. Faghihi,A. H. Jome Pour, M. Shekari, F. (2017). A Framework for Livelihood Resilience of Nomadic Communities (A Case Study in Qashqai Tribe), Journals of Iranian Academy of Management science, 12 (47). PP. 31-56. (In Persian).