رویکرد بیوفیلیک در گردشگری شهری (مطالعه موردی: شهر اصفهان)

نوع مقاله : علمی-پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه جهانگردی دانشگاه مازندران

2 کارشناس ارشد گروه جهانگردی دانشگاه مازندران

10.22080/jtpd.2022.23285.3673

چکیده

زندگی انسان در گروی بقای طبیعت بوده و بدون طبیعت زندگی نیز محکوم به نابودی است. با در نظر گرفتن اهمیت طبیعت در زندگی انسان همچنین گسترش بی‌رویه‌ی شهرها، ادغام طبیعت در شهرها برای ادامه‌ی حیات انسان امری اجتناب ناپذیر است. حال با توجه به اهمیت ادغام طبیعت در شهرها با مفهومی تخصصی‌تر به عنوان شهرهای بیوفیلیک، این مقاله درصدد آن است که به بررسی تاثیر شاخص‌های شهر بیوفیلیک بر تصویر ادراکی، تصویر احساسی، قصد بازدید و تبلیغات دهان به دهان گردشگران اصفهان بپردازد. پژوهش حاضر کاربردی و توصیفی-تحلیلی است که داده‌های آن به روش‌های کتابخانه‌ای و مطالعات میدانی شامل پرسشنامه‌ی محقق ساخته گرداوری شده است. جامعه‌ی آماری این پژوهش شامل افرادی است که حداقل یک‌بار به شهر اصفهان سفر کرده‌اند و برای تحلیل داده‌ها از روش معادلات ساختاری در محیط نرم افزار Smart PLS 3 استفاده شده است. نتایج پژوهش حاکی از آن است که هر چهار فرضیه‌ی پژوهش مورد تایید واقع شد و شاخص های شهر بیوفیلیک در اصفهان بر تصویر احساسی، تصویر ادراکی، تبلیغات دهان به دهان و قصد بازدید گردشگران تاثیرگذار بوده است و بیشترین تاثیرپذیری مربوط به عامل تصویر احساسی و کمترین تاثیرپذیری مربوط به عامل قصد بازدید گردشگران بوده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


Allan, m., & altal, y. (2016). Museums and tourism: visitors motivations and emotional involvments. Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry. 16(3).  43-50.
Andreucci, M. B., Loder, A., Brown, M., & Brajković, J. (2021). Exploring Challenges and Opportunities of Biophilic Urban Design: Evidence from Research and Experimentation. Sustainability. 13(8). 4323. doi:10.3390/su13084323
Anggraeni, r. (2019). Enhancing the Revisit Intention of Nature-Based Tourism in Indonesia: The Role of Memorable Tourism Experience and Satisfaction. Management and business research quarterly. 11. 9-19. Doi:10.32038/mbrq.2019.11.02
arvay, C. g. (2019). Theoretical Framework of Forest Therapy, in: International Handbook of Forest Therapy. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
Beatley, t. (2017). Biophilic Cities and Healthy Societies. Urban Planning. 2(4). 1-4. DOI: 10.17645/up.v2i4.1054
Beatley, t. (2010). Biophilic Cities Integrating Nature into Urban Design and Planning. island press.
Beatley, T. (2016). Planning for Biophilic Cities: From Theory to Practice. Planning Theory & Practice. 17(2). 295-300.
Beatley, T., & Newman, P. (2013). Biophilic Cities Are Sustainable, Resilient Cities. Sustainability. 5(8). 3328-3345. From https:// www.mdpi.com/journal/sustainability
Bell, s. (1997). Design for Outdoor Recreation. Spon Press.
Byrne, j. a. (2010). Biophilia, in: green cities: an A-Z. guide. Sage
Calvo-Mora, A., Navarro-García, A., & Periáñez-Cristóbal, R. (2015). Project to improve knowledge management and key business results through the EFQM excellence model. International Journal of Project Management. 33(8). 1638-1651, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2015.01.010
Ebrahimi, a., Bagheri, m., & pakdelian, a. (1398). A Model for Identifying the Relationship between Word-of-Mouth Advertising and Customer Trust with Customer-Based Brand Value in Shiraz Hotel Industry [in persian]. Quarterly Journal of Tourism Management Studies. 14(48). 241-267.
Giampiccoli, A., Mtapuria, D. O., & Jugmohan, S. (2020). Community-based tourism and animals: Theorising the relationship. Cogent Social Sciences. 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2020.1778965
Henseler, J.Ringle, C.M. & Sinkovics, R.R. (2009). The use of partial least squares path modeling in international marketing. In. Sinkovics, R.R. and Ghauri, P.N. (Ed.). New Challenges to International Marketing  (pp. 277-319). Emerald Group Publishing Limited https://doi.org/10.1108/S1474-7979(2009)0000020014
Hulland, J. (1999). Use of partial least squares (PLS) in strategic management research: a review of four recent studies. Strategic Management Journal. 20(2). 195–204. doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0266(199902)20:2<195::aid-smj13>3.0.co;2-7 
Jeong, Y., Kim, S.-K., & Yu, J.-G. (2019). Determinants of Behavioral Intentions in the Context of Sport Tourism with the Aim of Sustaining Sporting Destinations. Sustainability. 11(11). 3073. doi:10.3390/su11113073
Kambo, A., Drogemuller, R., & Yarlagadda, P. (2019). Assessing Biophilic Design Elements for ecosystem service attributes – A subtropical Australian case. Ecosystem Services. 39. 1-9.
Kautsarina, H., A. N., Anggorojati, B., Abidin, Z., & Phusavat, K. (2020). Data modeling positive security behavior implementation among smart device users in Indonesia: A partial least squares structural equation modeling approach (PLS-SEM). Data in Brief.  30. 105588. 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2020.105588.
Konijnendijk, CC., annerstedt, m., nielsen, a, b, & maruthaveeran, s. (2013). Benefits of urban parks a systematic review. International Federation of Parks and Recreation Administration. Copenhagen/Alnarp.  1–70.
Krčmářová. J. (2009).  E.O. Wilson's concept of biophilia and the environmental movement in the USA. International journal of historical geography and environmental history. 6(1-2). 4-17.
Lee, S., & Kim, Y. (2021). A framework of biophilic urbanism for improving climate change adaptability in urban environments. Urban forestry & urban greening. 61. 127104. 10.1016/j.ufug.2021.127104
Letourneau, L. (2013). Development and Validation of the Biophilic Attitudes Inventory. BAI, UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones. 1855. http://dx.doi.org/10.34917/4478274
Lin, C.-H., Morais, D. B., Kerstetter, D. L., & Hou, J.-S. (2007). Examining the Role of Cognitive and Affective Image in Predicting Choice Across Natural, Developed, and Theme-Park Destinations. Journal of Travel Research. 46(2). 183–194. doi:10.1177/0047287507304049
Mavedat, e., & valipour, m. (1399). Study and design of Bioflic city inspired by urban river case study of Dezful city. Quarterly Journal of Geography and Environmental Studies. 9(34). 23-42. [in persian]
Mc Donald, R., & beatley, t. (2021). Biophilic Cities for an Urban Century: Why nature is essential for the success of cities. springer international publishing-palgrave pivot.
Messelmani, A. E. (2018). Biophilia, Humans & the Connections. master thesis of arts in architecture. University of Nicosia.
Moise, M.-S., Gil-Saura, I., & Ruiz-Molina, M.-E. (2018). Effects of green practices on guest satisfaction and loyalty. European Journal of Tourism Research. 20. 92–104. https://doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v20i.342
Nam, s., lee, h., & lee, h. (2016). Understanding the significance of cognitive and affective image in attracting tourists: Focusing on the case of the destination marketing of Australia, International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Research. 30(10). 43-57.
Newman, P. (2013). Biophilic urbanism: a case study on Singapore. Australian Planner. 51(1). 47–65. doi:10.1080/07293682.2013.790832 
Padrão, J. (2014). Environmental Education and Tourism. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences. 5(22). doi:10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n22p540 
Pedersen Zari, M. (2019). Understanding and designing nature experiences in cities: a framework for biophilic urbanism. Cities & Health. 1–12. doi:10.1080/23748834.2019.1695511
Ranjbarian, B., ghafari, M., & taslimi, b. (1398). Explaining the effect of perceived tourist risks on the desire to revisit the tourist destination with the mediating role of the mental image of the tourist destination [in persian]. Journal of Tourism Management Studies. 14 (46). 137-164.
San Martín, H., & Rodríguez del Bosque, I. A. (2008). Exploring the cognitive–affective nature of destination image and the role of psychological factors in its formation. Tourism Management. 29(2). 263–277.
Scott, M., Lennon, M., Haase, D., Kazmierczak, A., Clabby, G., & Beatley, T. (2016). Nature-based solutions for the contemporary city/Re-naturing the city/Reflections on urban landscapes, ecosystems services and nature-based solutions in cities/Multifunctional green infrastructure and climate change adaptation: brownfield greening as an adaptation strategy for vulnerable communities?/Delivering green infrastructure through planning: insights from practice in Fingal, Ireland/Planning for biophilic cities: from theory to practice. Planning Theory & Practice. 17(2). 267–300. doi:10.1080/14649357.2016.1158907
Shirmohamadi, y., & hashemi b., zeynab. (1399). The Effect of Social Networking Activities on Brand Resonance (Cognitive and Emotional) and Loyalty of European Tourists in Tehran [in persian]. Quarterly Journal of Social Tourism Studies. 8(15). 144-123.
Shirmohamadi, y., jalalian, e., hashemi baghi, z., & torkashound, s. (1398). Investigating the effect of cultural events on the cognitive and emotional image of tourism                  destinations Case study: Karaj city [in persian]. Quarterly Journal of Tourism Planning and Development. 8(31). 147-161.
 
 
Spatorini, h., & Viviani, d. (2018). Mapping of Affordance and Activity as the Biophilic Design Principle of Blue Lagoon Tourism Area Yogyakarta. SHS Web of Conferences. 41(2). 1-12.
Straupe, i., & liepa, l. (2018). The relation of green infrastructure and tourism in urban ecosystem. forestry and wood processing. 1. 111-116. DOI: 10.22616/rrd.24.2018.017
Terkenli, T. S., Bell, S., Tošković, O., Dubljević-Tomićević, J., Panagopoulos, T., Straupe, I., Kristianova, K., Straigyte, L., O'Brien, L., & Živojinović, I. (2020). Tourist perceptions and uses of urban green infrastructure: An exploratory cross-cultural investigation. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 49( 126624). doi:10.1016/j.ufug.2020.126624
Terkenli, T., Bell, S., Živojinović, I., Tomićević-Dubljević, J., Panagopoulos, T., Straupe, I., Toskovic, O., Kristianova, K., Stragyte, L., & O'Brien, L. (2017). Recreational Use of Urban Green Infrastructure: The Tourist’s Perspective. In D. Pearlmutter, C. Calfapietra, R. Samson, L. O'Brien, S. Krajter Ostoić, G. Sanesi, & R. Alonso del Amo (Eds.), The Urban Forest Cultivating Green Infrastructure for People and the Environment (pp. 191-216). Springer-Verlag.
Totaforti, s. (2020). Emerging Biophilic Urbanism: The Value of the Human–Nature Relationship in the Urban Space. Sustainability. 12(5487). 1-16. doi:10.3390/su12135487
Tse T.S.M., Prideaux, B., & Chui, Winnie K. L. (2018). Nature-Based Tourism in a City Destination: Balancing Planning with Sustainability. In: Y. Wang, A. Shakeela, A. Kwek, C. Khoo-Lattimore (eds), Managing Asian Destinations. Perspectives on Asian Tourism (pp. 55-71). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8426-3_4
Young, Robert f. (2016). The biophilic city and the quest for paradise. smart and sustainable built environment. 5(1). 1-22.
Wetzels, m., Odekerken-Schroder, G., & van Oppen, C. (2009). Using PLS Path Modeling for Assessing Hierarchical Construct Models: Guidelines and Empirical Illustration. MIS Quarterly. 33(1). 177-195.
Wong. K. k. (2013). Technical Note 1 Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) Techniques Using SmartPLS. Marketing Bulletin. 24. 1-32.
Xue, F., Gou, Z., Lau, S. S.-Y., Lau, S.-K., Chung, K.-H., & Zhang, J. (2019). From biophilic design to biophilic urbanism: Stakeholders’ perspectives. Journal of Cleaner Production. 211. 1444–1452.
Ziari, K., Pourahmad, A., Fotouhi Mehrabani, B., & Hosseini, A. (2018). Environmental sustainability in cities by biophilic city approach: a case study of Tehran. International Journal of Urban Sciences. 1–31. doi:10.1080/12265934.2018.1425153
Zhang, f., Chung, CKL., & Yin, Z. (2020). Green infrastructure for China’s new urbanisation: A case study of greenway development in Maanshan, Special issue article: New directions of urban studies in China. 57(3). 508-524.